Adverse Childhood Experiences among American Indian/Alaska Native Children: The 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health

Table 2

Sample characteristics of American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic White children 0–17 years of age: National Survey of Children’s Health 2011-2012.

Characteristic	American Indian/Alaska Native				Non-Hispanic White				-value for prevalence rate difference
	Unweighted	Weighted	⁢Prevalence		Unweighted	Weighted	⁢Prevalence
			%	Standard error			%	Standard error
Total	1,453	686,615			61,381	37,666,681
Child’s birth weight
Within normal limits	1,230	582,057	91.1	1.81	54,802	33,628,030	92.5	0.21	0.441
Low	97	49,637	7.8	1.79	3,842	2,361,119	6.5	0.20	0.472
Very low	27	7,176	1.1	0.32	680	356,910	1.0	0.08	0.764
Child’s gestation
Within normal limits	1,229	575,906	84.3	2.07	54,511	33,390,165	89.0	0.26	0.024
3 or more weeks’ premature	206	107,150	15.7	2.07	6,592	4,122,349	11.0	0.26	0.024
Child’s gender
Male	743	371,833	54.2	2.82	31,651	19,386,409	51.6	0.42	0.36
Female	709	314,306	45.8	2.82	29,660	18,215,698	48.4	0.42	0.36
Child’s age
0–5 years	499	226,098	32.9	2.51	18,228	11,742,994	31.2	0.39	0.503
6–11 years	480	246,799	35.9	2.92	19,455	12,148,511	32.3	0.39	0.223
12–17 years	474	213,719	31.1	2.70	23,698	13,775,176	36.6	0.41	0.044
CSHCN status
CSHCN	325	147,732	21.5	2.48	13,079	8,130,399	21.6	0.35	0.968
Non-CSHCN	1,128	538,883	78.5	2.48	48,302	29,536,282	78.4	0.35	0.968
Household income (FPL)
<100%	548	266,374	38.8	2.97	5,566	4,267,420	11.3	0.28	>0.0001
100–199%	371	203,958	29.7	2.99	9,558	7,034,578	18.7	0.35	0.0003
200–399%	335	135,545	19.7	2.09	20,532	12,633,812	33.5	0.41	>0.0001
400+%	200	80,738	11.8	1.68	25,724	13,730,871	36.5	0.40	>0.0001
Family structure
Two parents, biological/adopted	735	344,177	50.6	2.91	46,578	27,202,154	72.5	0.40	>0.0001
Two parents, step family	149	80,469	11.8	1.64	4,111	3,424,912	9.1	0.27	0.105
Single mother, no father present	309	153,849	22.6	2.36	6,892	4,671,895	12.5	0.28	>0.0001
Other	247	102,095	15.0	2.36	3,550	2,222,396	5.9	0.22	0.0001
Mother’s age
30 years or less	587	270,009	39.3	2.81	11,943	8,621,552	22.9	0.37	>0.0001
31–45 years	615	352,373	51.3	2.88	33,595	21,686,721	57.6	0.42	0.031
>45 years	251	64,233	9.4	1.21	15,843	7,358,407	19.5	0.31	>0.0001
Highest household education level
Less than high school	284	147,493	23.5	2.78	4,926	3,355,530	9.2	0.26	>0.0001
High school	501	195,741	31.2	2.44	21,374	12,983,089	35.5	0.40	0.082
More than high school	543	284,028	45.3	3.11	33,522	20,256,886	55.4	0.42	0.001
Child’s insurance coverage
Public	814	385,801	57.6	2.91	12,437	8,755,041	23.5	0.37	>0.0001
Private	480	220,824	32.9	2.80	46,452	27,088,341	72.6	0.40	>0.0001
No coverage	124	63,601	9.5	1.58	1,999	1,463,918	3.9	0.19	0.0004
Medical home
Has a medical home	603	292,428	43.5	2.92	40,374	24,137,715	65.7	0.41	>0.0001
Does not have a medical home	808	379,495	56.5	2.92	19,433	12,581,727	34.3	0.41	>0.0001
Neighborhoods
Supportive	1,146	530,325	77.5	2.15	54,832	33,042,224	88.0	0.28	>0.0001
Nonsupportive	296	153,605	22.5	2.15	6,283	4,490,565	12.0	0.28	>0.0001
Metropolitan status
Within a MSA	605	401,320	59.7	2.65	43,437	29,818,692	79.9	0.30	>0.0001
Not within a MSA	836	271,470	40.3	2.65	17,545	7,522,853	20.1	0.30	>0.0001
AI/AN regions
Alaska	261	28,292	4.1	0.41	1,021	99,662	0.3	0.01	>0.0001
East	457	318,387	46.4	2.95	37,310	26,108,226	69.3	0.34	>0.0001
Northern Plains	486	132,977	19.4	1.85	12,799	4,769,166	12.7	0.17	0.0003
Pacific Coast	70	56,799	8.3	1.50	4,993	4,327,345	11.5	0.33	0.0380
Southwest	179	150,160	21.9	2.14	5,258	2,362,282	6.3	0.11	>0.0001

Probability for comparison of American Indian/Alaska Native compared to non-Hispanic White children based on the test for the comparison of two proportions.
Federal poverty levels (FPL) are based on the Department of Health and Human Services 2012 poverty guidelines. Income below 100% of the poverty threshold was defined as less than 15,130 for a family of two, 19,090 for a family of three, and 23,050 for a family of four.