Causality in Statistical Power: Isomorphic Properties of Measurement, Research Design, Effect Size, and Sample Size

Table 2

Scoring methodology for statistical power.

Study	Outcome	Research design	Magnitude	Variance	Sample size	Score
1	Categorical	Between-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	0
2	Categorical	Multivariate	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	0
3	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	0
4	Ordinal	Multivariate	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	0
5	Categorical	Within-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	1
6	Categorical	Between-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	1
7	Categorical	Multivariate	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	1
8	Categorical	Between-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Small	1
9	Categorical	Multivariate	Small	Homogeneity	Small	1
10	Categorical	Between-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Large	1
11	Categorical	Multivariate	Small	Homogeneity	Large	1
12	Categorical	Between-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	1
13	Categorical	Multivariate	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	1
14	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	1
15	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	1
16	Ordinal	Multivariate	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	1
17	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Small	1
18	Ordinal	Multivariate	Small	Homogeneity	Small	1
19	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Large	1
20	Ordinal	Multivariate	Small	Homogeneity	Large	1
21	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	1
22	Ordinal	Multivariate	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	1
23	Continuous	Between-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	1
24	Continuous	Multivariate	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	1
25	Categorical	Within-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	2
26	Categorical	Within-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Small	2
27	Categorical	Within-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Large	2
28	Categorical	Within-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	2
29	Categorical	Between-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	2
30	Categorical	Multivariate	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	2
31	Categorical	Between-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Small	2
32	Categorical	Multivariate	Large	Homogeneity	Small	2
33	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	2
34	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Small	2
35	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Large	2
36	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	2
37	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	2
38	Ordinal	Multivariate	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	2
39	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Small	2
40	Ordinal	Multivariate	Large	Homogeneity	Small	2
41	Continuous	Within-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Small	2
42	Continuous	Between-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	2
43	Continuous	Multivariate	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	2
44	Continuous	Between-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Small	2
45	Continuous	Multivariate	Small	Homogeneity	Small	2
46	Continuous	Between-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Large	2
47	Continuous	Multivariate	Small	Homogeneity	Large	2
48	Continuous	Between-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	2
49	Continuous	Multivariate	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	2
50	Categorical	Within-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	3
51	Categorical	Within-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Small	3
52	Categorical	Between-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Large	3
53	Categorical	Multivariate	Large	Homogeneity	Large	3
54	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	3
55	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Small	3
56	Ordinal	Between-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Large	3
57	Ordinal	Multivariate	Large	Homogeneity	Large	3
58	Continuous	Within-subjects	Small	Heterogeneity	Large	3
59	Continuous	Within-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Small	3
60	Continuous	Within-subjects	Small	Homogeneity	Large	3
61	Continuous	Within-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Small	3
62	Continuous	Between-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	3
63	Continuous	Multivariate	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	3
64	Continuous	Between-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Small	3
65	Continuous	Multivariate	Large	Homogeneity	Small	3
66	Categorical	Within-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Large	4
67	Ordinal	Within-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Large	4
68	Continuous	Within-subjects	Large	Heterogeneity	Large	4
69	Continuous	Within-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Small	4
70	Continuous	Between-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Large	4
71	Continuous	Multivariate	Large	Homogeneity	Large	4
72	Continuous	Within-subjects	Large	Homogeneity	Large	5

Note. Higher scores denote more statistical power.