|
Name | Cell wall modification | References |
|
Boea hygrometrica | (i) Extensive cell wall folding accompanied by protoplasmic shrinkage | [16, 22, 68] |
(ii) An increase of pectin and wax/suberin events occurred mainly during the rehydration phase |
(iii) The contents of cell wall-associated lignin were reduced in desiccated leaves |
(iv) Transcripts encoding cell metabolism were induced in rehydrated acclimated plants, indicating cell wall loosening during rehydration |
|
Craterostigma plantagineum | (i) A marked reduction of the demethylesterification of HG in the dry state | [24, 60, 61, 69] |
(ii) An upregulation of gene expressions corresponding to expansin and XyG synthesis |
(iii) CpGRP1-CpWAK1 complex could be inducing morphological changes |
(iv) A role for CpCRP1 in the leaf cell wall prior to dehydration stress and in mechanisms which are required for the successful recovery from desiccation |
(v) The transcripts encoding proteins involved in ion transport such as membrane-associated carriers together with proteins involved in cell wall plasticity are abundant in fully hydrated conditions in C. plantagineum |
|
Craterostigma wilmsii | (i) Decrease about 78% of the cellular volume | [44, 59] |
(ii) A strong folding of the cell wall |
(iii) A modification in the sugar composition of hemicellulosic fraction |
(iv) An increase of epitopes recognized by the XyG-directed monoclonal antibodies |
|
Eragrostis nindensis | (i) Arabinoxylans and xylans are involved in the regulation of mechanical properties of cell walls | [61, 70, 71] |
(ii) Ferulic acid can cross-link neighbouring arabinoxylan molecules or arabinoxylans to enhance cell wall stiffening |
|
Haberlea rhodopensis | (i) Upregulated transcript HrhDR35 encoding an XyG endotransglucosylase/hydrolase | [31, 72] |
(ii) Downregulation of many cell wall-related genes including XyG endotransglucosylases and pectate lyases |
|
Lindernia brevidens | (i) A strong folding of the cell wall | [26] |
|
Myrothamnus flabellifolius | (i) Arabinose-enriched primary cell wall | [27, 61, 73, 74] |
(ii) AGP is a contributor in ensuring flexibility and to facilitate the rehydration |
|
Ramonda serbica | (i) Activities of nonspecific peroxidases play a role in cell wall remodelling | [75] |
|
Selaginella bryopteris | (i) Phospholipase A1 gamma-like protein and glucan endo-1,3-alpha-glucosidase Agn1 have been reported to play a structural role in reinforcing the cell wall during stress | [76] |
|
Selaginella lepydophylla | (i) A strong folding of the cell wall | [67] |
(ii) Plasmalemma with continuous apposition to the cell wall |
|
Sporobolus stapfianus | (i) A strong folding of the cell wall | [57, 77] |
(ii) Transcripts encoding enzymes involved in cell wall remodelling are increased in abundance during dehydration |
(iii) A late accumulation of ferulate and caffeate, precursors of cell wall lignin and cross-linking compounds, could enhance cell wall extensibility |
|
Xerophyta spp. | (i) Highly arabinosylated xylans and arabinogalactan proteins | [61] |
|