Review Article

Perspectives on Structural, Physiological, Cellular, and Molecular Responses to Desiccation in Resurrection Plants

Table 2

Cell wall modifications of DT plants.

NameCell wall modificationReferences

Boea hygrometrica(i) Extensive cell wall folding accompanied by protoplasmic shrinkage[16, 22, 68]
(ii) An increase of pectin and wax/suberin events occurred mainly during the rehydration phase
(iii) The contents of cell wall-associated lignin were reduced in desiccated leaves
(iv) Transcripts encoding cell metabolism were induced in rehydrated acclimated plants, indicating cell wall loosening during rehydration

Craterostigma plantagineum(i) A marked reduction of the demethylesterification of HG in the dry state[24, 60, 61, 69]
(ii) An upregulation of gene expressions corresponding to expansin and XyG synthesis
(iii) CpGRP1-CpWAK1 complex could be inducing morphological changes
(iv) A role for CpCRP1 in the leaf cell wall prior to dehydration stress and in mechanisms which are required for the successful recovery from desiccation
(v) The transcripts encoding proteins involved in ion transport such as membrane-associated carriers together with proteins involved in cell wall plasticity are abundant in fully hydrated conditions in C. plantagineum

Craterostigma wilmsii(i) Decrease about 78% of the cellular volume[44, 59]
(ii) A strong folding of the cell wall
(iii) A modification in the sugar composition of hemicellulosic fraction
(iv) An increase of epitopes recognized by the XyG-directed monoclonal antibodies

Eragrostis nindensis(i) Arabinoxylans and xylans are involved in the regulation of mechanical properties of cell walls[61, 70, 71]
(ii) Ferulic acid can cross-link neighbouring arabinoxylan molecules or arabinoxylans to enhance cell wall stiffening

Haberlea rhodopensis(i) Upregulated transcript HrhDR35 encoding an XyG endotransglucosylase/hydrolase[31, 72]
(ii) Downregulation of many cell wall-related genes including XyG endotransglucosylases and pectate lyases

Lindernia brevidens(i) A strong folding of the cell wall[26]

Myrothamnus flabellifolius(i) Arabinose-enriched primary cell wall[27, 61, 73, 74]
(ii) AGP is a contributor in ensuring flexibility and to facilitate the rehydration

Ramonda serbica(i) Activities of nonspecific peroxidases play a role in cell wall remodelling[75]

Selaginella bryopteris(i) Phospholipase A1 gamma-like protein and glucan endo-1,3-alpha-glucosidase Agn1 have been reported to play a structural role in reinforcing the cell wall during stress[76]

Selaginella lepydophylla(i) A strong folding of the cell wall[67]
(ii) Plasmalemma with continuous apposition to the cell wall

Sporobolus stapfianus(i) A strong folding of the cell wall[57, 77]
(ii) Transcripts encoding enzymes involved in cell wall remodelling are increased in abundance during dehydration
(iii) A late accumulation of ferulate and caffeate, precursors of cell wall lignin and cross-linking compounds, could enhance cell wall extensibility

Xerophyta spp.(i) Highly arabinosylated xylans and arabinogalactan proteins[61]