Scientifica

Research Article

Is Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae a Significant Challenge to Healthcare System? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Extracted information from eligible studies included in the meta-analysis.
Author (ref)ProvincePublished timeEnrollment timeAge groupStrain (n)ASTAntibiotic resistance (n)
PNSPERYAZMTETLVXRIFCLIVANSXTCHLCROAMXCIPIPMLZDCTXMDR
Gharibani et al. [8]Ardabil20192015Children43Disk diffusion4132311800120357NDNDNDNDNDND32
Khoshdel et al. [9]Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari20092007Children38Disk diffusion11NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Imani et al. [10]Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari20072005ND17Broth microdilution1610NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1ND2NDNDNDND
Abdinia et al. [11]East Azerbaijan20142003–2013Children37Disk diffusion146NDNDND1ND01224ND3NDND3ND
Hadi and Bagheri [12]Fars20192011–2016Children10Disk diffusion73NDNDNDND30914NDNDNDNDNDND
Kargar et al. [13]Fars20152011–2012Children/adult45Disk diffusionNDNDNDND31NDNDNDNDNDNDND40NDNDNDND
Kargar et al. [14]Fars20122010–2011Children/adult50Disk diffusion30282252NDNDND240NDNDNDNDND2530
Shishegar et al. [15]Fars20112007–2008Children10Disk diffusionND1NDNDNDNDNDND10ND240NDND2ND
Japoni et al. [16]Fars20102005–2006ND13Disk diffusion53NDNDNDND1061NDND1NDNDNDND
Kohanteb and Sadeghi [17]Fars2007NDChildren/adult115Broth microdilution39211528NDNDND0ND97ND9NDND5ND
Ghaemi et al. [18]Golestan20021998–1999Children63Disk diffusion355ND23NDND13NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Khademi et al. [19]Hamadan20162013–2014Children/adult6Disk diffusionNDNDNDNDNDNDND03ND0ND1NDND0ND
Yousefi Mashouf et al. [20]Hamadan20142009–2013Children35Disk diffusionNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND912ND19NDNDNDNDND
Yousefi Mashouf et al. [21]Hamadan20031998–2000Children11Disk diffusionNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND34ND6NDNDNDNDND
Mosleh et al. [22, 23]Hamadan2014NDND55E-test521410NDNDNDND0NDNDNDND655NDND12
Yeganeh-Moghadam et al. [24]Isfahan20142011–2013Children15Disk diffusionND59NDNDNDNDND15ND990NDND9ND
Ghazikalayeh et al. [25]Isfahan20142011–2012Children291Disk diffusion4710ND740050NDNDNDNDNDND0NDND
Sabory et al. [26]Kermanshah20152012Children83Disk diffusionNDND53NDND34NDND31ND347NDNDNDND34
Khosravi et al. [27]Khuzestan20072005–2006Adult6Disk diffusionNDNDND3NDNDNDND0ND3NDNDNDNDNDND
Moafi and Issazadeh [28]Qazvin20162013–2014Children6Disk diffusionNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND44NDNDNDNDNDNDND
Mamishi et al. [29]Tehran20192017–2018Children4Disk diffusion14NDNDNDND201NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Ghahfarokhi et al. [30]Tehran20202015–2019Children/adult80Disk diffusion2949ND31NDND470571513NDNDNDNDND41
Azarsa et al. [31]Tehran20192015Children/adult46Disk diffusion12NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Mousavi et al. [32]Tehran20172014–2015Children76Disk diffusion7665654ND0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND76
Ahmadi et al. [33]Tehran20192013–2016Children/adult100Disk diffusion2259ND57NDND49ND9223NDND3NDNDND54
Houri et al. [34]Tehran20172013–2016Children53Broth microdilution1115ND130NDND012ND4NDNDND039
Talebi et al. [35]Tehran20192013–2015ND161Disk diffusion9396ND121NDND84ND15195NDNDNDNDNDND69
Moghadam et al. [36]Tehran20172013–2015Children/adult100Disk diffusion2664ND770ND56096440NDND00ND71
Farshad et al. [37]Tehran20162013Adult48Disk diffusion40NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Rahbar et al. [38]Tehran20192012–2016Children/adult50E-test153635281ND2603213NDNDNDNDNDNDND
Tabatabaei et al. [39]Tehran20172012–2015Children/adult73Broth microdilution1661NDNDNDNDND011ND23NDNDNDND31ND
Talebi et al. [40]Tehran20162011–2013Children/adult100Disk diffusion2860ND85NDND780934800ND00050
Azadegan et al. [41]Tehran20152011–2013Children/adult186Disk diffusionND88ND186NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Abdollahi et al. [42]Tehran20182011–2012Children102Disk diffusion6124ND110NDND07023NDNDNDNDND0ND
Ahmadi et al. [43]Tehran20132011Children/adult88Disk diffusionND47ND55NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Soltan Dallal et al. [44]Tehran20132011Children/adult15Disk diffusion1210ND0NDNDND8ND8ND12NDNDNDNDND
Sadeghi et al. [45]Tehran20152010–2012Children/adult80E-test36NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Ahmadi et al. [46]Tehran20152010–2012Children/adult70Disk diffusion60NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Mahmoudi et al. [47]Tehran20132009–2011Children7Disk diffusion5NDNDNDNDNDNDND7ND4NDNDNDNDNDND
Khoramrooz et al. [48]Tehran20122009–2010Children23Disk diffusion61113ND0ND8023ND3ND0ND0NDND
Rahimi et al. [49]Tehran20152008–2012Children/adult38NA32ND8NDNDND2294NDND6NDNDNDND
Habibian et al. [50]Tehran20132008–2012ND50Broth microdilution9NDNDNDNDNDND4NDNDNDND2NDNDNDND
Dashti et al. [51]Tehran20122008–2009Children573Disk diffusion53ND315377ND0ND9683426239NDND17ND
Ashtiani et al. [52]Tehran20142001–2011Children194Disk diffusion8999NDNDNDNDND01395823NDNDNDND25ND
Pourakbari et al. [53]Tehran20122001–2005Children46Disk diffusion1429NDNDNDND3ND388NDNDNDNDNDNDND
Aligholi et al. [54]Tehran20092001–2005Children50Agar dilution1529NDNDND0ND0NDND0ND15NDNDNDND
Oskoui et al. [55]Tehran20102000–2008ND54Disk diffusion389ND10NDNDNDND28NDNDNDNDNDND29
Jahanmehr et al. [56]Tehran20041999–2001ND66Disk diffusion12NDNDNDNDNDND0NDNDND12NDNDNDNDND
Oskoui et al. [57]Tehran20031998–2000ND130Disk diffusion11410ND47NDNDND05728NDNDNDNDNDNDND
Rezaeizadeh et al. [58]Tehran20121998–2008Children30Disk diffusion176NDNDNDNDND0196NDNDNDNDNDNDND
Modarres et al. [59]Tehran19981993–1995Children51Disk diffusion11NDNDNDNDND29342NDNDNDNDNDNDND
Gharailoo et al. [60]Sistan and Balouchastan20162013–2014Children42Disk diffusion4223ND260NDND0396ND7NDNDND0ND
Bokaeian et al. [61]Sistan and Balouchastan20122008–2010Children75Disk diffusion6266ND430NDND047120NDND0NDND43
Bokaeian et al. [62]Sistan and Balouchastan20112007–2008Children/adult136Broth microdilution4325ND13NDNDND0ND115ND2NDND318
Rahbar et al. [63]West Azerbaijan20051999–2001ND24Disk diffusion8NDNDNDNDND000NDNDND0NDNDNDND
Behnaz et al. [64]Yazd20042002Children72Disk diffusion3645ND22NDNDNDND45NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
Karami et al. [65]Zanjan20092006–2007Children/adult57Broth macrodilution33NDNDNDNDNDND0NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
PNSP: penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (intermediately resistant and fully resistant); ERY: erythromycin; AZM: azithromycin; TET: tetracycline; LVX: levofloxacin; RIF: rifampin; CLI: clindamycin; VAN: vancomycin; SXT: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; CHL: chloramphenicol; CRO: ceftriaxone; AMX: amoxicillin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; IPM: imipenem; LZD: linezolid; CTX: cefotaxime; MDR: multidrug-resistant (resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes); AST: antimicrobial susceptibility testing; ND: not determined.