Assessment of the Status of Rooftop Garden, Its Diversity, and Determinants of Urban Green Roofs in Nepal

Table 3

Details of the diversity indices used for analysis.

Diversity indices	Description	Formulae	References
Shannon-weaver	It is the most popular diversity indices and rises with the rise in the several species and the evenness of their abundance. Its value ranges from 0 to 5 and typically from 1.5 to 3.5.	Pi = fraction of the sampled population made of species i; n = number of species reported; ∑ = sum from species 1 to species and “ln” is the natural logarithm to the base e (log).	[20, 31–33]
Simpson 1-D	D measures the dominance and 1-D measures the species diversity estimate. Its value ranges from 0 to 1	D = Ʃ(n/N)^2, where N = total number of all species; n = total number of a particular species	[32, 34]
Evenness measure	Evenness is measured as E = H/Hmax, i.e., the ratio of observed diversity to maximum diversity [34]
The effective number of species	The exponential value of the Shannon–Weaver diversity index results in the effective number of species as explained by Peet [32]