Vague Sets Security Measure for Steganographic System Based on High-Order Markov Model

Table 1

Different order vague sets security measure for different steganography methods.

Steganography method	Embedding rate (bpac)	Zero-order	First-order	Second-order
F3	5%	0.9768	0.9662	0.9569
	10%	0.9755	0.9647	0.9569
	15%	0.9714	0.9608	0.9498
	20%	0.9683	0.9584	0.9477
nsF5	5%	0.9865	0.9736	0.9593
	10%	0.9847	0.9711	0.9542
	15%	0.9840	0.9687	0.9531
	20%	0.9818	0.9656	0.9515
MB1	5%	0.9994	0.9879	0.9785
	10%	0.9991	0.9866	0.9699
	15%	0.9965	0.9849	0.9673
	20%	0.9959	0.9837	0.9656
MB2	5%	0.9999	0.9868	0.9687
	10%	0.9996	0.9842	0.9624
	15%	0.9987	0.9922	0.9617
	20%	0.9982	0.9818	0.9609