Design and Analysis of Push Notification-Based Malware on Android

Table 1

Average password cracking time (B: brute-force attack, D: dictionary attack).

Time (sec)	4-digit PIN		Lock pattern
	B	D	B	D
<1	10.60%	52.68%	44.10%	85.34%
<2	57.88%	74.88%	62.36%	93.76%
<3	70.98%	85.76%	68.90%	96.22%
<4	83.72%	93.34%	71.00%	97.54%
<5	94.28%	98.72%	76.60%	98.28%
Avg.	2.3 s	1.5 s	5.0 s	1.0 s