Secure and Efficient User Authentication Scheme Based on Password and Smart Card for Multiserver Environment

Table 2

Comparisons of security properties with related works.

Security Properties	Li et al. [47]	Pippal et al. [40]	Yeh [15]	Truong et al. [16]	Ours
Insider attack	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔
Replay attack	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Known-key attack	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Mutual authentication	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔
Session key agreement	✔	✔	✘	✔	✔
Perfect forward secrecy	✘	✔	✔	✔	✔
Two-factor authentication	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔
User impersonation attack	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔
Server impersonation attack	✘	✘	✔	✘	✔
Offline password guessing attack	✘	✘	✘	✘	✔

Note.✔ means that the scheme can provide the corresponding security property, and ✘ indicates that it cannot achieve this.