Blind Image Watermarking Based on Adaptive Data Spreading in n-Level DWT Subbands

Table 3

Experimental results for image types and attacks.

Attacks		512×512		1,024×1,024		640×480		1,280×960		1,920×1,080		3,840×2,160
		PSNR	NCC	PSNR	NCC	PSNR	NCC	PSNR	NCC	PSNR	NCC	PSNR	NCC
Only watermarked		43.79	1.0000	42.70	1.0000	43.26	1.0000	42.90	1.0000	42.35	1.0000	42.66	1.0000
JPEG quality to 100	100	42.27	1.0000	48.05	1.0000	44.17	1.0000	46.64	1.0000	47.64	1.0000	48.46	1.0000
	80	34.92	0.9992	36.36	1.0000	34.75	0.9996	35.72	1.0000	37.83	1.0000	38.21	1.0000
	60	32.88	0.9200	33.98	0.9996	32.32	0.9493	33.42	1.0000	35.06	0.9998	35.85	1.0000
	40	31.54	0.6433	32.45	0.9856	30.38	0.6728	31.92	0.9960	33.26	0.9992	34.29	1.0000
Gaussian noise	0.5%	48.56	1.0000	50.53	1.0000	50.48	1.0000	50.53	1.0000	50.52	1.0000	50.53	1.0000
	1%	38.26	0.9963	39.22	1.0000	39.17	1.0000	39.13	1.0000	39.10	1.0000	39.17	1.0000
	2%	33.83	0.8447	34.33	0.9990	34.38	0.9264	34.41	1.0000	34.32	0.9996	34.34	1.0000
Salt & pepper noise 1%		40.57	1.0000	41.65	1.0000	41.65	1.0000	41.36	1.0000	41.67	1.0000	41.66	1.0000
Median filtering	3×3	32.68	0.9867	34.08	0.9985	31.97	0.9485	32.86	0.9896	35.80	0.9944	37.46	0.9987
	5×5	29.65	0.8981	30.15	0.9494	28.71	0.7592	29.02	0.8870	31.20	0.9587	33.16	0.9789
	7×7	27.99	0.6943	28.26	0.8356	27.06	0.5560	27.38	0.8084	29.09	0.9009	31.07	0.9332
Average filtering	3×3	31.50	0.9583	32.74	0.9981	30.98	0.9328	31.85	0.9877	34.49	0.9977	36.00	0.9996
	5×5	28.58	0.8023	29.10	0.9169	27.77	0.6800	28.34	0.8684	30.28	0.9624	31.94	0.9977
Gaussian filtering 3×3		33.64	0.9958	34.87	0.9998	33.01	0.9842	33.97	0.9996	36.64	1.0000	38.26	1.0000
Sharpening		32.96	0.9981	34.09	1.0000	31.98	0.9940	33.18	1.0000	35.88	0.9940	37.61	1.0000
Histogram equal.		16.01	0.7665	14.94	0.6763	15.31	0.7669	16.70	0.6957	15.03	0.4073	15.70	0.2854
Contrast (-20)		28.22	1.0000	26.72	0.9998	26.93	1.0000	27.65	0.9994	27.35	0.9838	26.22	0.9942
Scaling to	2	44.02	1.0000	47.15	1.0000	44.47	1.0000	46.31	1.0000	50.01	1.0000	50.86	1.0000
	1.8	44.11	1.0000	47.36	1.0000	44.56	1.0000	46.53	1.0000	50.04	1.0000	51.48	1.0000
	1.5	44.05	1.0000	47.19	1.0000	44.49	1.0000	46.40	1.0000	50.04	1.0000	51.05	1.0000
	0.8	37.22	1.0000	39.82	1.0000	37.19	0.9996	38.91	1.0000	42.80	1.0000	43.62	1.0000
	0.5	32.32	0.9985	33.82	1.0000	31.97	0.9908	32.88	1.0000	35.83	1.0000	37.29	1.0000
	0.25	28.19	0.6675	28.91	0.9609	27.60	0.5568	28.21	0.9190	30.01	0.9856	31.79	0.9996
Cropping 25%		12.03	0.9254	13.24	0.8491	13.33	0.8474	13.09	0.8157	12.80	0.7253	11.75	0.6864
Rotation (restored)	90°	29.35	1.0000	37.64	1.0000	14.52	0.8232	13.13	0.7870	10.51	0.4635	10.82	0.5320
	60°	37.08	0.9475	16.00	0.9738	15.01	0.9354	13.98	0.9274	11.31	0.6265	11.58	0.6605
	45°	13.35	0.9396	15.67	0.9622	15.08	0.9332	14.08	0.9318	12.41	0.7535	12.54	0.7688
	30°	12.87	0.9368	16.30	0.9795	15.60	0.9593	14.88	0.9690	13.56	0.7930	13.83	0.8648
Rotation (unrestored)	0.1°	13.27	0.9881	29.73	0.9346	33.27	0.9656	28.61	0.9190	28.14	0.8392	26.18	0.8381
	0.2°	29.35	0.9118	25.27	0.7578	27.54	0.8062	24.47	0.7409	24.25	0.5798	23.19	0.6643
Average		31.45	0.8558	32.64	0.9272	30.87	0.8405	31.33	0.9116	32.54	0.8926	33.10	0.9114