Security Analysis and Improvements on a Remote Integrity Checking Scheme for Regenerating-Coding-Based Distributed Storage

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Scheme</td><td class="align_center">NC-Audit</td><td class="align_center">Ref. [<a href="/journals/scn/2021/6652606/#B10" target="_blank">10</a>]</td><td class="align_center">RNC-Audit</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Auditing privacy</td><td class="align_center">No</td><td class="align_center">Yes</td><td class="align_center">Yes</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Communication overhead</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 24.7096ptpx;"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 24.7096 11.5564" width="24.7096pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M663 549C663 621 608 680 521 680C283 680 82 444 82 188C82 80 142 -15 258 -15C466 -15 637 203 637 396C637 502 561 542 497 542C414 542 336 469 336 362C336 331 339 284 371 232L393 242C369 289 366 322 366 347C366 448 430 506 494 506C539 506 586 470 586 396C586 266 508 157 469 118C409 57 343 15 256 15C179 15 142 78 142 150C142 331 347 645 517 645C590 645 624 603 643 547L663 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.996,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.494,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.02,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M663 549C663 621 608 680 521 680C283 680 82 444 82 188C82 80 142 -15 258 -15C466 -15 637 203 637 396C637 502 561 542 497 542C414 542 336 469 336 362C336 331 339 284 371 232L393 242C369 289 366 322 366 347C366 448 430 506 494 506C539 506 586 470 586 396C586 266 508 157 469 118C409 57 343 15 256 15C179 15 142 78 142 150C142 331 347 645 517 645C590 645 624 603 643 547L663 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.996,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.494,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.02,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Computation cost (TPA)</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 48.4756ptpx;"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M189" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 48.4756 11.5564" width="48.4756pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M663 549C663 621 608 680 521 680C283 680 82 444 82 188C82 80 142 -15 258 -15C466 -15 637 203 637 396C637 502 561 542 497 542C414 542 336 469 336 362C336 331 339 284 371 232L393 242C369 289 366 322 366 347C366 448 430 506 494 506C539 506 586 470 586 396C586 266 508 157 469 118C409 57 343 15 256 15C179 15 142 78 142 150C142 331 347 645 517 645C590 645 624 603 643 547L663 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.996,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.494,0)"><path d="M766 88L752 113C719 83 690 64 681 64C674 64 672 74 679 103L724 292C758 436 724 448 701 448C680 448 666 442 639 429C594 407 514 350 441 252H439L447 289C476 423 450 448 419 448C398 448 379 441 355 427C307 400 234 344 162 249H160L180 324C203 409 197 448 170 448C144 448 82 413 23 349L35 321C57 343 96 374 108 374C115 374 117 371 111 341C87 227 57 112 24 -6L32 -12C53 -4 81 4 108 6C119 68 134 128 149 171C177 229 309 383 364 383C387 383 388 355 373 282C354 190 330 92 303 -6L309 -12C332 -4 356 3 386 6C396 63 411 122 424 171C458 236 590 383 642 383C658 383 664 369 652 315L603 91C587 20 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version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 35.0051 11.5564" width="35.0051pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M663 549C663 621 608 680 521 680C283 680 82 444 82 188C82 80 142 -15 258 -15C466 -15 637 203 637 396C637 502 561 542 497 542C414 542 336 469 336 362C336 331 339 284 371 232L393 242C369 289 366 322 366 347C366 448 430 506 494 506C539 506 586 470 586 396C586 266 508 157 469 118C409 57 343 15 256 15C179 15 142 78 142 150C142 331 347 645 517 645C590 645 624 603 643 547L663 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.996,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.494,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.02,0)"><path d="M766 88L752 113C719 83 690 64 681 64C674 64 672 74 679 103L724 292C758 436 724 448 701 448C680 448 666 442 639 429C594 407 514 350 441 252H439L447 289C476 423 450 448 419 448C398 448 379 441 355 427C307 400 234 344 162 249H160L180 324C203 409 197 448 170 448C144 448 82 413 23 349L35 321C57 343 96 374 108 374C115 374 117 371 111 341C87 227 57 112 24 -6L32 -12C53 -4 81 4 108 6C119 68 134 128 149 171C177 229 309 383 364 383C387 383 388 355 373 282C354 190 330 92 303 -6L309 -12C332 -4 356 3 386 6C396 63 411 122 424 171C458 236 590 383 642 383C658 383 664 369 652 315L603 91C587 20 593 -12 619 -12C642 -12 708 23 766 88Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,30.278,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 48.4756ptpx;"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M191" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 48.4756 11.5564" width="48.4756pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M663 549C663 621 608 680 521 680C283 680 82 444 82 188C82 80 142 -15 258 -15C466 -15 637 203 637 396C637 502 561 542 497 542C414 542 336 469 336 362C336 331 339 284 371 232L393 242C369 289 366 322 366 347C366 448 430 506 494 506C539 506 586 470 586 396C586 266 508 157 469 118C409 57 343 15 256 15C179 15 142 78 142 150C142 331 347 645 517 645C590 645 624 603 643 547L663 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.996,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 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class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Systematic performance comparison of three typical schemes.</div>

Security and Communication Networks

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Security Analysis and Improvements on a Remote Integrity Checking Scheme for Regenerating-Coding-Based Distributed Storage 