Research Article
A Survey on the Noncooperative Environment in Smart Nodes-Based Ad Hoc Networks: Motivations and Solutions
Table 4
Fundamental/classical selfishness management schemes.
| Article | Mechanism | Description |
| Marti et al. [37], 2000 | Reputation and detection | (i) Well-known as watchdog and pathrater | (ii) Watchdog detects misbehaving nodes and pathrater blocks targeted nodes |
| Boudec and le [44], 2002 | Trust and detection | (i) CONFIDENT, a reactive routing protocol that uses four major modules for detection and blockage of selfish nodes | Buttyan and hubaux [51], 2003 | Detection and incentive-based | (i) Only the cooperative nodes are allowed to transfer their data | (ii) The concept of virtual currency is used by introducing packet trade and packet purs |
| Zhong et al. [52], 2003 | Incentive-based | (i) A credit-based incentive exchange scheme is used | (ii) The scheme particularly targets mobility in MANETs like networks |
| Chen et al. [26], 2011 | Evolutionary game-based | (i) Nodes operate according to a predefined set of states | (ii) The nodes adjust their selfishness level with time |
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