Fast-Acting Sublingual Zolpidem for Middle-of-the-Night Wakefulness

Table 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters for zolpidem formulations.

Brand name	AUC(ng⋅h/mL)	𝐶max (ng/mL)	𝑇max (hours)	𝑇1/2 (hours)	Protein binding
Nonbenzodiazapines
Ambien* 5 and 10 mg, respectively [58]		59 (range 29–113) and 121 (range 58–272)	1.6 for both	2.6 (range 1.4–4.5) and 2.5 (range 1.4–3.8)	92.5 ± 0.1%
Ambien CR 12.5 mg [59]	740 ng⋅hr/mL (range: 295 to 1359 ng⋅hr/mL)	134 (range 68.9–197)	1.5	Similar to above	92.5% ± 0.1%
Edluar 10 mg [60]		106 (range 52–205)	1.4	2.65 (range 1.75–3.77)	92.5% ± 0.1%
Intermezzo 3.5 mg [21]	Healthy; Men: 198; Women: 296; *Elderly & hepatic impaired may vary	3.5 mg: men 53 and women 77.; *Elderly & hepatic impaired may vary	0.6 to 1.25	2.5 (range 1.4 to 3.6)	93% ± 0.1%
Zolpimist 5 and 10 mg [61]		114 (range 19–197) and 210 (range 77–401), respectively	0.9 for both	2.7 (range 1.7–5.0) and 3.0 (range 1.7–8.4), respectively	92.5% ± 0.1%
Benzodiazapines
Triazolam (Halcion) [62]		1–6	2	1.5–5.5
Temazepam (Restoril) (30 mg) [63]		666 to 982 ng/mL (mean 865 ng/mL)	1.2 to 1.6 hours (mean 1.5 hours)	4–18	96

All brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of the manufacturer or drug owner.
*The patent on the Ambien immediate-release formulation has expired and generic products have been introduced into the market.