There was not smaller daytime sleep latency (DSL) in PD patients compared to controls (11 ± 6.1 versus 11.8 ± 5.3 min). No correlation was observed during daytime sleepiness with the following variables: age, gender, disease duration, and H&Y staging. Six had one or more SOREMPs during the MSLT, being significantly sleepier than others (12.4 ± 6.3 versus 6.0 ± 1.3 min, resp., ). The presence of SOREMPs was higher in patients who used selegiline (3/4 versus 3/23, chi-square: 7.5 ).
The MSLT was performed in patients with hallucinations. All feature daytime sleep latencies that exceeded 10 minutes (12.9 ± 2.1 min), however the presence of two or more SOREMPs. The REM latency ranged from 0.9 to 6.1 minutes.
Population-based (cross-sectional)/: 80 (pramipexole: 29, ropinirole: 28 e bromocriptine/pergolide: 23)
MSLT, MWT
The mean DSL was 12.1 ± 5.1 min, where 15 (18.8%) exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness (MSLT < 5 min). Presence of an association of univariate risk factor () between the pathological daytime sleepiness and levodopa dosage equivalents (OR, 4, 2; 95% CI. 1,3–13,7).
The mean DSL was 7.2 ± 5.6 minutes and nine patients (47%) had latency less than 5 minutes. Around 74% of the sample had mean score of MSLT below 10 minutes. The strongest predictor of score MSLT was percentage of stage 1 sleep, suggesting that decreased quality of sleep plays a role in increased sleepiness in PD patients. Specifically, an increased pergolide equivalent was a very strong predictor of increased sleepiness, with a correlation of −0.70 ().
Population-based (cross-sectional)/: 15 (before and after treatment)
TMLS
The mean DSL was significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (8.1 ± 4.7 versus 13.6 ± 4 min, resp., ) (duration of treatment: 9.8 ± 2 months). Three patients with EDS (42.8%) had two or more SOREMPs after treatment. Multiple regression analysis showed that the best explanation for the variability of the MSLT was the dose of levodopa (beta = 0.01, ).
The mean DSL was 14.9 ± 6.9 minutes. No difference was found in daytime sleepiness, measured by MSLT, between patients treated with levodopa alone and patients treated with a combination of levodopa and dopaminergic agonist.
There were no differences in mean DSL between PD patients with and without dementia (in seconds: 481.0 ± 361.9 versus 484.5 ± 387.1; ). SOREMPs were observed in two PD patients without dementia (one with a normal and one with an abnormal sleep pattern) and two PD patients with dementia (both with abnormal sleep pattern). There was no relation between the AHI and the MSLT latency. The mean DSL did not show any correlation with the CSF hypocretin-1 levels (Spearman test: ; ).
The mean DSL was 9.2 ± 6.4 minutes. Eleven patients (37%) had severe objective EDS, which is latency <5 minutes. Patients with wearing-off symptoms () had lower latency (5.98 ± 5.8 versus 11.8 ± 6.1 min, ). Patients with DSL ≤ 5 minutes had higher AHI (24 ± 26 versus 9 ± 15/h, ) than patients with DSL > 5 minutes. In 15 patients (50%), a sleep-wake misperception was present. They had significantly longer latency (17.2 ± 3.8 min) in comparison to the rest of the population (7.5 ± 5.6 min, ).
The mean DSL did not differ between patients and controls (11.7 ± 4 versus 12.5 ± 2 min, n.s.). In three patients and in none of controls, the mean latency of falling asleep was in the pathological range (8 min). Of these, one had a SOREMP on MSLT. No SOREMP was found on MSLT in controls. No correlations were found between MSLT and AHI.
The mean DSL was lower in controls (9.5 ± 4.2 min) than in PD patients (12.5 ± 5.6 min) (). Abnormal daytime sleepiness (DSL < 8 min) was found in 39.4% of controls and 23.6% of PD patients (). Around 16.7% of controls and 12.7% of PD patients had severe ESD (DSL < 5 min) (). No SOREMP were observed in any of the naps of PD patients. For PD patients, mean sleep latency was not significantly associated with age, gender, disease duration, H&Y stage, UPDRS, LED, or dopamine use.
The mean sleep latency in MSLTs was 8.4 ± 5.1 min and it was not significantly correlated with demographic variables of subjects and various rating scales scores. No differences between low and high ESS groups reached significance. However, the AHI correlated with objective daytime sleepiness, as reflected by shorter mean sleep latency on the MSLT (rho = −0.47, ).
The non-REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) patients had a significantly shorter mean daytime sleep latency than the RBD patients (15 versus 18 min, resp., ). None of the MSLTs featured two or more SOREMPs.
