Residual Effects of Sleep Medications Are Commonly Reported and Associated with Impaired Patient-Reported Outcomes among Insomnia Patients in the United States
Table 4
Respondent characteristics by experience of residual symptoms in respondents aged 65 and older.
Residual symptoms
value
None ()
One or more ()
Age (Mean, SD)
69.37
4.07
69.72
4.53
0.558
Female
63
80.8%
143
73.3%
0.197
Non-white
4
5.1%
8
4.1%
0.709
Completed college
59
75.6%
145
71.4%
0.466
Annual household income
0.076
Below $25k
13
16.7%
32
16.4%
$25–<50k
13
16.7%
61
31.3%
$50–<75k
14
17.9%
34
17.4%
$75k and above
26
33.3%
53
27.2%
Decline to answer
12
15.4%
15
7.7%
Employed
15
19.2%
33
16.9%
0.651
BMI (categories)
0.968
Underweight
3
3.8%
6
3.1%
Normal
26
33.3%
66
33.8%
Overweight
28
35.9%
65
33.3%
Obese (up to 35)
11
14.1%
34
17.4%
Obese (over 35)
7
9.0%
19
9.7%
Refused
3
3.8%
5
2.6%
Alcohol use
51
65.4%
133
68.2%
0.653
Smokes
13
16.7%
23
11.8%
0.282
Exercise in previous month
43
55.1%
113
57.9%
0.671
Psychiatric comorbidities
Alcoholic
1
1.3%
6
3.1%
0.397
Anxiety
8
10.3%
45
23.1%
0.016
Depression
18
23.1%
76
39.0%
0.013
Schizophrenia
1
1.3%
33
16.9%
0.000
Bipolar disorder
3
3.8%
5
2.6%
0.570
Fibromyalgia
4
5.1%
31
15.9%
0.016
Diagnosing doctor
0.074
General Practitioner/Family Practitioner/Internist
66
84.6%
142
72.8%
Psychiatrist
5
6.4%
29
14.9%
Sleep Specialist
2
2.6%
15
7.7%
Other
5
6.4%
9
4.6%
Prescribing doctor
0.264
General Practitioner/Family Practitioner/Internist
82.1%
162
83.1%
82.1%
Psychiatrist
7.7%
24
12.3%
7.7%
Sleep Specialist
3.8%
3
1.5%
3.8%
Other
6.4%
6
3.1%
6.4%
Note: indicates Welch’s test was used in lieu of parametric -test due to nonhomogeneity of variance.
