Research Article
Poor Sleep in Multiple Sclerosis Correlates with Beck Depression Inventory Values, but Not with Polysomnographic Data
Table 1
Demographic data and results of questionnaires and polysomnography.
| | | | All | Poor sleepers | Good sleepers | values |
| | | (w/m) | 65 (44/21) | 42 (29/13) | 23 (15/8) | 0.787 | | Age (years) | Mean SD | 44.6 10.0 | 46.4 10.4 | 41.5 8.7 | 0.051 | | 25% | 39.8 | 40.8 | 32.0 | | 75% | 50.0 | 52.3 | 48.0 | | Disease duration (years) | Mean SD | 12.4 9.0 | 13.4 10.1 | 10.2 6.3 | 0.562 | | 25% | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | | 75% | 18.5 | 20.8 | 13.0 | | Sleep disorder | Insomnia | 17 | 15 | 2 | 0.012 | | OSA | 8 | 5 | 3 | | PLMD/RLS | 23 | 16 | 7 | | None | 17 | 6 | 11 |
| | VAS | Mean SD | 4.7 2.7 | 5.6 2.6 | 3.0 2.3 | 0.001 | | 25% | 2.8 | 4.2 | 1.1 | | 75% | 7.0 | 7.3 | 4.3 | | MFIS | Mean SD | 37 20.4 | 40.9 18.3 | 29.9 22.8 | 0.053 | | 25% | 20.8 | 31.8 | 18.0 | | 75% | 53.0 | 53.8 | 52.0 | | PSQI | Mean SD | 7.7 4.2 | 10.0 3.5 | 3.6 1.4 | <0.0001 | | 25% | 5.0 | 7.0 | 2.0 | | 75% | 11.0 | 13.0 | 5.0 | | ESS | Mean SD | 8.9 4.7 | 9.6 5.0 | 7.7 4.0 | 0.112 | | 25% | 5.3 | 6.3 | 3.0 | | 75% | 13.0 | 14.0 | 10.0 | | BDI | Mean SD | 11.7 8.6 | 12.9 8.6 | 9.3 8.2 | 0.049 | | 25% | 5.0 | 12.0 | 7.0 | | 75% | 17.3 | 18.3 | 12.0 | | FSS | Mean SD | 4.6 2.2 | 5.0 2.3 | 4.1 2.0 | 0.184 | | 25% | 3.1 | 3.8 | 2.5 | | 75% | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.0 |
| | Arousal-index (/h) | Mean SD | 19.9 10.3 | 19.7 9.5 | 20.4 11.8 | 0.880 | | 25% | 13.7 | 13.8 | 10.2 | | 75% | 24.2 | 23.9 | 26.9 | N1 and N2
(%/TiB) | Mean SD | 51.2 12.2 | 50.0 3.7 | 53.7 8.8 | 0.380 | | 25% | 43.6 | 40.2 | 45.5 | | 75% | 62.5 | 62.6 | 62.0 | N3
(%/TiB) | Mean SD | 10.4 ± 6.4 | 10.6 6.1 | 10.3 7.0 | 0.706 | | 25% | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.1 | | 75% | 15.4 | 15.3 | 15.7 | REM
(%/TiB) | Mean SD | 14.3 7.4 | 13.6 7.3 | 15.5 7.7 | 0.266 | | 25% | 10.6 | 10.4 | 11.6 | | 75% | 17.5 | 17.0 | 20.4 | Sleep efficacy
(%/TiB) | Mean SD | 76.3 12.3 | 74.9 13.3 | 79.1 10.3 | 0.300 | | 25% | 68.7 | 63.6 | 75.6 | | 75% | 86.5 | 85.6 | 86.7 | WASO
(minutes) | Mean SD | 83.8 57.3 | 89.6 62.5 | 76.44 44.7 | 0.686 | | 25% | 43.0 | 37.5 | 44.0 | | 75% | 120.0 | 132.8 | 104.0 | Sleep onset latency
(minutes) | Mean SD | 31.9 35.7 | 36.2 40.5 | 20.6 15.6 | 0.057 | | 25% | 12.5 | 15.5 | 9.0 | | 75% | 41.0 | 43.5 | 32.0 | | Sleep stage changes () | Mean SD | 145.7 47.4 | 148.8 48.0 | 140.7 47.8 | 0.493 | | 25% | 119.0 | 120.5 | 106.0 | | 75% | 171.8 | 178.3 | 170.0 | | Awakenings () | Mean SD | 26.7 12.4 | 27.8 11.4 | 25.4 13.8 | 0.187 | | 25% | 18.0 | 20.5 | 18.0 | | 75% | 32.0 | 33.0 | 31.0 | PLM-index
(/h) | Mean SD | 23.0 29.7 | 19.8 24.2 | 27.2 37.2 | 0.757 | | 25% | 2.3 | 2.9 | 1.8 | | 75% | 35.7 | 32.8 | 38.8 | PLM-arousal-index
(/h) | Mean SD | 2.8 4.2 | 2.5 4.2 | 3.1 4.3 | 0.695 | | 25% | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | | 75% | 3.6 | 3.1 | 5.8 |
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OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PLMD: periodic limb movement disorder; RLS: restless legs syndrome; VAS: Visual Analog Scale; MFIS: Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; FSS: Fatigue Severity Scale; TiB: time in bed; N1: sleep stage NREM 1; N2: sleep stage NREM 2; N3: sleep stage NREM 3; REM: rapid eye movement; WASO: wake after sleep onset; PLM: periodic leg movement.
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