Consumption of Energy Drinks and Their Effects on Sleep Quality among Students at the Copperbelt University School of Medicine in Zambia

Table 3

Odds ratios for poor sleep quality according to PSQI.

Characteristics		Bivariate Results		Multivariate Results
		P-value	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Sex	Male		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
	Female	0.24	1.53 (0.75-3.12)	0.09	2.082 (0.89-4.90)
Energy drink consumption	No		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
	Yes	< 0.001	9.46 (3.13-28.57)	<0.001	13.54 (3.67-50.05)
Age	18-20		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
	21-24	0.03	0.10 (0.01-0.83)	0.09	0.15 (0.02-1.34)
	>24	0.12	0.17 (0.02-1.60)	0.17	0.18 (0.02-2.01)