Research Article

Sleep Efficiency and Total Sleep Time in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Insomnia Symptoms

Table 3

Multivariable general linear model used to examine the differences between groups in objective and subjective means of sleep parameters and sleep parameter variability.

ModelAdjusted value

Actigraph
Average ofSE (%)10.140.11-4.310.005
20.140.09-4.470.008
30.140.06-4.630.01
TST (min)10.001-0.033.620.85
20.02-0.0213.050.53
30.04-0.0521.490.35
Coefficient of
Variation of
SE10.110.082.190.01
20.120.071.980.03
30.120.041.870.06
TST10.030.0033.150.18
20.050.0082.010.43
30.210.140.140.95

Sleep dairy
Average ofSE (%)10.150.11-6.430.008
20.210.15-4.590.07
30.270.18-3.060.25
TST (min)10.130.09-35.690.11
20.140.08-29.180.23
30.170.08-17.700.49
Coefficient of
Variation of
SE10.130.104.930.04
20.180.133.190.21
30.260.171.390.60
TST10.190.154.920.24
20.190.144.220.37
30.210.123.110.53

Model 1: controlling for age. Model 2: controlling for age and pain severity. Model 3: controlling for age and pain, depression, and anxiety severities; T2D-only as the reference group. SE = sleep efficiency; TST = total sleep time.