Morphing of Bistable Composite Laminates Using Distributed Piezoelectric Actuators

Table 2

Summary of the analysis steps.

	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3
Loading	Δ𝑇=−152 °C	Δ𝑇=−152 °C	Δ𝑇=−152 °C
		Δ𝑉=1500 V	Δ𝑉=0 V
Properties	𝛼^∗1=𝛼1	𝛼^∗1=𝛼^∗1 (ΔV)	𝛼^∗1=𝛼^∗1 (Δ𝑉)
	𝛼^∗2=𝛼2	𝛼^∗2=𝛼^∗2 (ΔV)	𝛼^∗2=𝛼^∗2(Δ𝑉)
Analysis type	*step,; nlgeom = yes	*step,; nlgeom = yes	*step,; nlgeom = yes
	*static	*static, stabilize	*static
Results	Cylindrical shape I at 25°C	Cylindrical shape II at 25°C with voltage	Cylindrical shape II at 25°C