Functionality Evaluation of a Novel Smart Expandable Pedicle Screw to Mitigate Osteoporosis Effect in Bone Fixation: Modeling and Experimentation

Table 1

Material properties of the SM wire.

𝐸𝑎	32 GPa
𝐸𝑚	22 GPa
𝑀𝑠	62°C
𝑀𝑓	27°C
𝐴𝑠	60°C
𝐴𝑓	92°C
𝐶𝑚	6 MPa/°C
𝐶𝑎	8 MPa/°C
𝜀𝑙	0.02