Design and Numerical Simulation of an Odometer Wheel Used in an Ultrasonic In-Line Inspection Tool

Table 3

Input values of initial loads.

Conditions	Outer side with a 6 mm dent		Straight pipe	Inner side		Extreme condition
	3D	4D		3D	4D
Serial number	1#	2#	3#	4#	5#	6#
1# spring’s pull force (F/N)	152	144	136	120	128	232
2# spring’s pull force (F/N)	160	150	140	120	130	260
3# spring’s pull force (F/N)	168	156	144	120	132	288
4# spring’s pull force (F/N)	180	165	150	120	135	330
Pull force’s direction (θ/°)	76	76	80	82	81	61