Clinical Study

Long-Term Outcomes of Sacrococcygeal Germ Cell Tumors in Infancy and Childhood

Table 1

Pediatric Oncology Group/Children Cancer Group (POG/CCG) staging for malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors.

StageCharacteristics

I:Complete resection at any site; coccygectomy for sacrococcygeal site; negative tumor margins; tumor markers positive or negative

II:Microscopic residual; lymph nodes negative; tumor markers positive or negative

III:Gross residual or tumor biopsy only; retroperitoneal nodes negative or positive; tumor markers positive or negative

IV:Distant metastasis, including liver