The Hyperdense Internal Carotid Artery Sign: Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance in Stroke Thrombolysis

Table 2

Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with or without HMCAS present.

	Patients with HMCAS	Patients without HMCAS
	𝑛=22	𝑛=98	𝑃
Age	69.9 (65.1–74.9)	69.7 (67.3–72.1)	0.935
Female	12 (54.5%)	41 (41.8%)	0.344
Baseline NIHSS	16.5 (14.3–18.7)	12.8 (11.1–13.4)	0.0025
Time to rtPA (minutes)	157 (135–180)	165 (153–178)	0.577
HICAS present	2 (9.1%)	1 (1.0%)	0.086
Atrial fibrillation	6 (27.3%)	22 (22.4%)	0.590
Hyperlipidaemia	9 (40.9%)	35 (35.7%)	0.635
Angina	5 (22.7%)	15 (15.3%)	0.526
Peripheral vascular disease	1 (4.5%)	5 (5.1%)	1.0
Hypertension	13 (59.1%)	61 (62.2%)	0.812
Myocardial infarction	1 (4.5%)	10 (10.2%)	0.687
Diabetes mellitus	3 (13.6%)	11 (11.2%)	0.720
Current smoker	6 (27.3%)	19 (19.4%)	0.397
Haemorrhagic Conversion	3 (13.6%)	3 (3.1%)	0.074
24 hour NIHSS ≥10	20 (90.1%)	32 (32.7%)	<0.0001
Inpatient death	4 (18.1%)	15 (15.3%)	0.750
Poor outcome	14 (63.6%)	33 (33.7%)	0.015

Values are mean (95% confidence interval) or 𝑛 (%) as appropriate.
Poor outcome defined as discharge Barthel score <15 or inpatient death.