Review Article
Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Stroke: Biological Consequences and Exercise-Induced Adaptations
Table 1
Cardiorespiratory adaptations to aerobic training after stroke.
| | Mode | No. of subjects | Program duration weeks | Frequency x/week | Session duration minutes | Intensity | Change in peak VO2% |
| | Subacute stroke (<6 months after stroke) | | | | | |
| | Cycle ergo meter [82] | E: 44
C: 48 | 12 | 3 | 20–30 | 40 rpm | E: +9
C: +0.5 | | Treadmill [83] | E: 6
C: 6 | 26 | 5 | 20 | NR | E: +35
C: +1 | | Cycle ergo meter [21] | E: 23
C: 22 | 3-4 | 3 | 30 | 50–75% peak VO2 | E: +13
C: +8 |
| | Chronic stroke (>6 months after stroke) | | | | | |
| | Cycleergometer [84] | E: 37
C: 24 | 26 | 3 | 10–20 | 40–50% HRR | E: +18
C: −3 | | Cycleergometer [85] | E: 24
C: 24 | 8 | 2 | 20 | 50–60% HRR | E: +13
C: −3 | | Treadmill [18] | E: 26
C: 20 | 26 | 3 | 40 | 60–70% HRR | E: +15
C: −3 | E1: Mod intensity [86]
E2: Low intensity | E1: 18
E2: 19
C: 18 | 14 | 3 | 30–60 | E1: 50–69% HRR E2: <50% HRR | E1: +4
E2: +6
C: −3 | | Treadmill + strengthening [87] | E: 14 | 12 | 5 | 90 | 80% HR max | E: +19 | | Treadmill [81] | E: 20* | 4 | 2–5 | NR | 80–85% HR max or RPE 17 | Immediate: +6 Delayed: +6 | | Cycle ergometer [85] | E: 19
C: 23 | 10 | 3 | 30 | 50–70 rpm | E: +13
C: +1 | | Aerobic exercise [80] | E: 29 | 12 | 3 | 30 | HR at RER of 1.0 | E: +8 | | Treadmill [13] | E: 23 | 26 | 3 | 20 | <60% HRR | E: +10 | | Aerobic exercise [88] | E: 32
C: 31 | 19 | 3 | 60 | <80% HRR | E: +9
C: +1 | | Water based [89] | E: 7
C: 5 | 8 | 3 | 30 | <80% HRR | E: +23
C: +3 |
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E: Experimental; C: control; rpm: revolutions per minute; HRR: heart rate reserve; *crossover design; NR: not reported; RPE: rating of perceived exertion; RER: respiratory exchange quotient.
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