Cognitive Dysfunction after On-Pump Operations: Neuropsychological Characteristics and Optimal Core Battery of Tests
Table 1
Patient characteristics (Study 1).
Variables
CABG
Open heart surgery
Healthy controls
P
Number of patients
29
36
12
Male sex (%)
100*
52.8
50
<0.001
Age (years)
52.7 ± 8.1
44.9 ± 13.6**
55.8 ± 6.5
0.002
Education (years)
13.9 ± 2.4
13.7 ± 2.3
13.7 ± 3.0
NS
History of atrium fibrillation (%)
22.2
52.7
0.014
History of hypertension (%)
66.7
61.1
NS
History of diabetes (%)
14.8
3.2
NS
Previous myocardial infarction (%)
48.1
8.3
<0.001
Ejection fraction (%)
56.0 ± 7.3
62.9 ± 7.5
0.001
Cardio-pulmonary bypass time (min)
128.4 ± 35.0
128.3 ± 58.5
NS
Aortic cross-clamp time (min)
70.0 ± 21.2
76.5 ± 39.5
NS
Mini-Mental State Examination
26.2 ± 3.1
26.4 ± 2.4
27.0 ± 2.2
NS
WAIS Information subtest
24.4 ± 3.2
23.2 ± 3.6
25.8 ± 2.4
NS
WAIS Digit Span Forward
5.97 ± 1.22
6.11 ± 1.06
5.83 ± 1.27
NS
WAIS Digit Span Backward
4.30 ± 0.79
4.56 ± 1.02
4.58 ± 0.90
NS
WAIS Digit Symbol
40.0 ± 9.5
40.1 ± 10.8
45.8 ± 6.2
NS
WAIS Block Designs
34.2 ± 8.0
35.1 ± 7.8
36.9 ± 7.8
NS
Logical memory test
10.6 ± 2.3
11.0 ± 2.4
13.0 ± 2.3
0.013
Luria memory test
8.17 ± 0.61
8.09 ± 1.08
8.23 ± 0.90
NS
Benton Visual Retention Test
6.43 ± 1.48***
6.83 ± 1.50***
8.08 ± 1.44
0.007
Trail Making Test, part A
49.2 ± 6.8
51.6 ± 8.9
52.9 ± 9.8
NS
Trail Making Test, part B
86.8 ± 30.7
80.6 ± 19.3
83.1 ± 19.5
NS
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, where appropriate. Abbreviations: CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; NS: not significant; WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. CABG group differed near significantly from Open Heart patients and control group. Open Heart patients differed significantly from CABG and control groups. CABG and Open Heart patients differed significantly from healthy controls.
