Differences in Plantar Flexor Fascicle Length and Pennation Angle between Healthy and Poststroke Individuals and Implications for Poststroke Plantar Flexor Force Contributions

Table 1

Demographics for 10 post-stroke and 10 healthy adults.

Stroke; Subject; #	Gender	Side of; Paresis	Age	Months Since; Stroke	Height; (m)	Fugl-Meyer Lower; Extremity Score	Presence; of; Clonus	Healthy; Subject; #	Gender	Age	Height; (m)
1*	M	R	65	89	1.73	23	Sustained	1	M	31	1.83
2	M	R	76	80	1.87	12	None	2	M	63	1.77
3	M	R	62	12	1.74	13	Present^‡	3	M	60	1.70
4	M	R	51	9	1.80	15	Present^†	4	F	55	1.66
5	F	L	74	10	1.63	19	None	5	F	44	1.63
6	M	L	59	85	1.80	26	Present^‡	6	M	54	1.71
7	M	R	63	12	1.80	25	None	7	F	51	1.69
8	M	L	46	23	1.74	23	None	8	M	49	1.93
9	F	R	48	105	1.70	16	None	9	F	74
10	M	L	69	99	1.78	22	None	10	M	59	1.83
Averages			61	52						54

∗Only two muscles (MG, SOL) were collected due to patient time constraints, physical fatigue and muscle cramps; therefore (𝐹_𝑚) was unable to be estimated.
†Subject did not have plantar flexor torque testing performed due to clonus during burst testing.
^‡Clonus was present, but minimal.