Dual-Task Walking in Challenging Environments in People with Stroke: Cognitive-Motor Interference and Task Prioritization

Table 1

Statistical effects of environment and dual-tasking on walking speed, walking-adaptability performance score, and cognitive-task performance score (mean ± sd). Significant effects are represented in bold and tendencies in bold italic.

	Single-task reference condition	Walking environment			Repeated measures ANOVA
		Plain	Challenging-physical	Challenging-projected	Environment	Dual-tasking	Environment × dual-tasking
Walking speed (m/s)
Single		0.90 ± 0.28	0.58 ± 0.20	0.76 ± 0.25	= 88.90, ,  partial	, ,; partial	, ,; partial
Dual		0.76 ± 0.24	0.52 ± 0.22	0.67 ± 0.23
Walking-adaptability performance score (0–10)
Single			5.38 ± 2.14	6.05 ± 3.45	, ,; partial	, ,; partial	F(1, 29) = 3.68, p = .07,; partial n^2= 0.56
Dual			4.93 ± 2.02	4.83 ± 3.31
Cognitive-task performance score (/s)	0.47 ± 0.21	0.48 ± 0.25	0.35 ± 0.21	0.41 ± 0.24	, ,; partial