Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

Research Article

Ludwig: A Training Simulator of the Safety Operation of a CANDU Reactor

Table 1

List of components and variables of Ludwig.
ComponentMain state variablesObject
Core 𝑃 0 : Prompt fission powerComplete core
𝑃 1 : Power contribution of the first group of precursors
𝑃 2 : Power contribution of the second group of precursors
Reactor control systemρ co: Reactivity contribution from control systemsCore control
ρ tref: Reactivity contribution from coolant temperature
ρ tfuel: Reactivity contribution from fuel temperature
Pressurizer 𝑀 𝑙 𝑝 : Liquid massPressurizer
𝑀 𝑣 𝑝 : Vapor mass
ℎ 𝑙 𝑝 : Enthalpy of the liquid region
ℎ 𝑣 𝑝 : Enthalpy of the vapour region
𝑝 : Pressure
𝑄 ℎ : Heaters power
Steam generators 𝐿 𝑠 : Subcooled lengthSteam generator
𝑀 𝑟 : Mass in the riser
𝑀 𝑑 : Mass in the downcomer
𝑝 𝑔 𝑣 : Pressure
Pipe node ℎ r e f : Enthalpy of the coolantPipe
𝑝 𝑝 𝑛 : Pressure
Pressure tube ℎ r e f : Enthalpy of the coolantCore pipe
𝑡 f u e l : Fuel temperature
𝑝 𝑝 𝑡 : Pressure
Pump ℎ r e f : Enthalpy of the coolantPump
𝑝 𝑝 : Pressure head
Steam line 𝐸 𝑠 𝑙 : Power transfer to the turbineSteam line cell
Turbine 𝐸 𝑡 : Thermal power transformed in electricityTurbine
Condenser 𝑄 𝑐 : Residual thermal powerCondenser