VOF Calculations of Countercurrent Gas-Liquid Flow in a PWR Hot Leg

Table 2

Summary of CCFL prediction.

Shape and scale	Size	Two-fluid*	VOF: remarks
1/5 rectangular	𝐻=150mm	◯ (—) [14]	◯ (◯): 𝑘−𝜀(TVR=10^5) [5]
1/3 rectangular	𝐻=250mm	◯ (△) [17]	△ (◯): 𝑘−𝜀(TVR=10^5) [17]
1/15 circular	𝐷=50mm	⊚ (—) [16]	⊚ (—): laminar [p]
Full scale	𝐷=750mm	⊚ (×) [4]	⊚ (⊚):𝑘−𝜀(TVR =10^4) [p]

*Standard𝑘−𝜀 turbulent model, maximum turbulent viscosity ratio (TVR) =10⁵,
𝐷: diameter, 𝐻: height of rectangular channel,
⊚: very good, ◯: good, △: poor, ×: very poor, —: not available,
( ): effects of fluid properties, []: references, [p]: present study.