The Effective Convectivity Model for Simulation of Molten Metal Layer Heat Transfer in a Boiling Water Reactor Lower Head

Table 1

ECM and PECM validation matrix.

Models	Number	Description	Experimental and CFD data
	1	Rayleigh-Benard convection	DNS data [34]
ECM	2	Rayleigh-Benard convection	DNS data [19]
	3	Mixed natural convection	MELAD A1 experiment [8]
	4	Mixed natural convection	CFD data (ILES method)
PECM	1	Solidification from top surface, eutectic mixture	Experimental data, gallium (Ga) fluid [33], and CFD data (ILES)
	2	Solidification from top surface, non-eutectic mixture	Experimental data, aqueous ammonium chloride 5% [35]