^𝟗𝟗mTc Generator Development: Up-to-Date ^𝟗𝟗mTc Recovery Technologies for Increasing the Effectiveness of ^𝟗𝟗𝐌𝐨 Utilisation

Table 3

Assessment of normalized concentration factor of the concentration methods (electrolysis- and solvent-evaporation-based concentration methods are not included herein.).

Method and concentration column (CC)/(generator column)	Generator elution volumes		Adsorption: Retention volume of nonsaline eluent passed over CC		Elution: volume of saline eluted from concentration column		Values calculated using 𝐾𝑊 or retention volume (𝑉E-T)		Values calculated based on experiment parameters (exp. result)		Reference
	𝑉Eqv	𝑉𝑆1	𝑉𝐸−𝑇	𝑉𝐸−𝑃	𝑉𝑆2−𝑇	𝑉𝑆2−𝑃	𝑘𝑇	𝑛𝑇	𝑘𝑃	𝑛𝑃
0.3 M NH4OAc + 0.01 M NH4NO3; QMA-SepPak (130 mg)/; (alumina)	20**	10**	—	20	—	0.5	1.0	—	0.69	13.8 (40)	Knapp et al. (1998) [43–45]
0.7 M AcOH + 0.132% (0.025 M) NaCl; QMA-SepPak (130 mg)/; (alumina)	10	10	10	10	1.5	2.0	1.0	6.6	0.9	4.5 (4.5)	Mushtaq; (2004) [50]
0.5 M AcOH + 0.025% NaCl; QMA-SepPak (130 mg)/; (alumina)	25	10	13	13	1.5	1.5	1.0	3.5	0.9	3.2 (3.1)	Le; (2013); (for this report)
0.7 M AcOH + 0.025 M NH4OAc; DEAE-cellulose (300 mg)/; (alumina)	40	45	40	40	6.0	6.0	1.0	7.5	0.8	6.0 (5-7)	Sarkar et al. (2001) [47, 48]
0.1 M AcOH + 0.05% NaCl; DEAE-cellulose (0.25 mL)/; (alumina)	40	10	120	120	6.0	6.0	1.0	5.0	0.95	4.75 (4.5)	Le; (2013); (for this report)
0.3 M AcOH + 0.05% NaCl; DEAE-cellulose (0.25 mL)/; (alumina)	27	10	108	108	6.0	6.0	1.0	6.7	0.95	6.3 (6.0)	Le; (2013); (for this report)
0.3 M AcOH + 0.05% NaCl; DEAE-cellulose (0.25 mL)/; (alumina)	27	10	108	108	4.0*	3.5*	1.0	10.0	0.85	9.7 (9.4)	Le; (2013); (for this report)
0.5 M AcOH + 0.1% NaCl; DEAE-sephadex (0.125 mL); (alumina)	15	10	20	20	4.0	4.0	1.0	3.3	0.9	3.0 (3.0)	Le; (2013); (for this report)
0.5 M AcOH + 0.05% NaCl; Isosorb-MOX-01 (100 mg)/; (alumina)	20	10	18	16	1.5	1.5	1.0	6.0	0.95	5.0 (4.5)	Le and Le(2013); [58]
0.1 M AcOH + 0.05% NaCl; Isosorb-FS-01 (100 mg)/; (alumina)	40	10	40	35	1.5	1.5	1.0	6.6	0.90	5.25 (5.0)	Le and Le(2013); [58]
H2O; alumina (2.0 g)/; (ZrMo molybdate gel)	16	16	—	20	—	3.0	1.0	—	0.9	6.0 (4.0)	Sarkar et al. (2004) [49]
H2O; alumina (1.5 g)/; (TiMo/ZrMo molybdate gel)	11	10	460	65***	7.5	5.0	1.0	55.7	0.95	11.2 (10.5)	Le (1990) [57]
H2O; MnO2·xH2O (1.5 g)/; (TiMo/ZrMo molybdate gel)	11	10	440	62***	7.0	5.0	1.0	62.8	0.95	11.8 (10.4)	Le (1990) [57]
H2O; TiO2·xH2O (1.5 g)/; (TiMo/ZrMo molybdate gel)	11	10	400	55***	6.5	5.0	1.0	61.5	0.95	10.5 (10.1)	Le (1990) [57]
H2O; ZrO2·xH2O (1.5 g)/; (TiMo/ZrMo molybdate gel)	11	10	660	95***	12.0	10.0	1.0	55.0	0.8	7.6 (7.0)	Le (1990) [57]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-alumina; (0.25 mL; ~260 mg)/; (alumina)	10	10	—	20	3.0	—	1.0	—	0.98	6.53 (6.57)	Ruddock (1978) [38]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-alumina (0.5 g)/; (alumina)	10	10	150	150	2.5	2.5	1.0	60	0.90	54.0 (50.0)	Le et al.; (2013); [40]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-MnO2 (0.5 g)/; (alumina)	10	10	145	145	2.2	2.2	1.0	65.9	0.90	59.3 (53.0)	Le and Le (2013) [58]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-TiO2 (0.5 g)/; (alumina)	10	10	140	140	2.0	2.0	1.0	70	0.90	63.0 (57.0)	Le and Le (2013) [58]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-microcrystalline ZT-11 sorbent (0.5 g)/; (alumina)	10	10	155	155	2.75	2.5	1.0	56.3	0.90	55.8 (53)	Le (2010-2013); [63, 64]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-microcrystalline ZT-31 sorbent (0.5 g)/; (alumina)	10	10	200	200	5.0	5.0	1.0	40.0	0.8	32.0 (31.0)	Le (2010-2013) [63, 64]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-isosorb-FS-01 (0.5 g)/; (alumina)	10	10	275	275	5.0	5.0	1.0	55.0	0.95	52.2 (50)	Le and Le(2013); [58]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-QMA SepPak (130 mg)/; (alumina)	10	10	—	10	—	1.0	1.0	—	0.82	8.2	Knapp et al. (1998); [43, 44]
Saline → H2O; Ag-resin-BondElut-SAX (100 mg)/; (alumina)	10	10	25	10	2.0	2.0	1.0	12.5	0.95	4.75 (4.7)	Blower (1993); [39]
Saline → 0.2 M NaI; Dowex 1 × 8-resin; (10 mg)→AgCl, 1.0 g/; (alumina)	10	10	66	70	5.5	7.5	1.0	12.0	0.8	7.5 (7.7)	Chattopadhyay et al. (2002); [53]
0.02 M Na2SO4 → H2O; Pb-resin-alumina; (300 mg)/; (alumina)	45	60	45	45	1.5	1.0	1.0	40	0.9	54 (38)	Bokhari et al. (2007) [54]

∗Concentrator column is eluted with 0.15 M NaOH and followed by passing over a cation-exchange resin column.
**Value is assumed based on different data sources.
***Values are designed for a useful life (14 elution cycles) of the generator without replacement of the concentrator column.