Research Article

Theoretical Solutions for Dynamic Characteristics of Liquid Annular Seals with Herringbone Grooves on the Stator Based on Bulk-Flow Theory

Figure 9

Dynamic characteristic changes of herringbone-grooved TOR and TOS seals with preswirl ratio.
(a) Direct stiffness versus preswirl ratio
(b) Cross-coupled stiffness versus preswirl ratio
(c) Direct damping versus preswirl ratio
(d) Cross-coupled damping versus preswirl ratio