Ship Bow Force-Deformation Curves for Ship-Impact Demand of Bridges considering Effect of Pile-Cap Depth

Table 2

Parameters of ship material models in numerical simulations.

Component	LS-DYNA model	Input parameter	Magnitude
Ship bow	*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC	Mass density	7.85×10^3 kg/m^3
		Young’s modulus	2.06×10^5 MPa
		Poisson’s ratio	0.30
		Yield stress	235 MPa
		SRC	40.4 s^−1
		SRP	5.0
		Failure strain	0.30
Ship hull	*MAT_RIGID/*MAT_ELASTIC	Mass density	Adjust
		Young’s modulus	2.06×10^5 MPa
		Poisson’s ratio	0.3

Note. SRC and SRP are the strain rate parameters in Cowper-Symonds strain rate model [22]; the density of ship hulls should be adjusted according to ship loading conditions (e.g., ballasted, partial, and full load).