Ship Bow Force-Deformation Curves for Ship-Impact Demand of Bridges considering Effect of Pile-Cap Depth

Table 3

Comparisons between the numerical results and empirical formulas.

Ship and speed	AASHTO	JTG D60	TB10002.1	Numerical results
				𝑃	70% fractile	𝑃+50%	𝑃−50%
5000 DWT
2 m/s	16.97	25.4/12.7*	7.04	12.87	14.30	19.31	6.44
4 m/s	33.94	25.40	14.07	22.23	24.70	33.35	11.12
10000 DWT
2 m/s	24.00	35.8/17.9*	9.27	14.56	16.18	21.84	7.28
4 m/s	48.00	35.80	18.54	26.72	29.66	40.08	13.36

Note. *Similar to the linear effect of impact speed on impact force used in AASHTO [3], the half values of the impact force at 4 m/s are calculated when the impact speed is 2 m/s for JTG D60 [8].