The Effect of High-Frequency Parametric Excitation on a Stochastically Driven Pantograph-Catenary System

Figure 6

Stationary probability density 𝑝(𝑎) for different values of the fast excitation parameter 𝐸₂₂⋅𝑟_𝑓. Line 1: no fast excitation; line 2: 𝐸₂₂⋅𝑟_𝑓= 0.4; line 3: 𝐸₂₂⋅𝑟_𝑓= 0.8. Dotted lines are from direct numerical simulations of the nonlinear model (5).