Valve Fault Diagnosis in Internal Combustion Engines Using Acoustic Emission and Artificial Neural Network

<table>Power spectral density of raw AE signal due to VL through semicracked exhaust valve in cylinder 1 versus time at 1–6 bar by sensor number 1.</table>

Shock and Vibration

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Figure 11

Figure 11: Valve Fault Diagnosis in Internal Combustion Engines Using Acoustic Emission and Artificial Neural Network 