Large-Scale Experimental and Numerical Study of Blast Acceleration Created by Close-In Buried Explosion on Underground Tunnel Lining

Table 1

Materials’ properties.

Materials	Properties	Unit	Value
Soil (Group 1)	Unit mass	kg/m^3	1850
	Cohesion	kPa	24
	Friction angle	°	31
	Young’s modulus	MPa	29
	Damping ratio	%	2.5
Fill (Group 2)	Unit mass	kg/m^3	1650
	Cohesion	kPa	0
	Friction angle	°	20
	Young’s modulus	MPa	15
	Damping ratio	%	2.5
Concrete	Unit mass	kg/m^3	2400
	Young’s modulus	MPa	30000
	Compressive strength	MPa	23
	Tensile strength	MPa	2.3
	Yield strain	%	0.35
Reinforcement	Unit mass	kg/m^3	7800
	Young’s modulus	MPa	210000
	Tensile strength	MPa	300
Soil-tunnel interface	Friction	°	20
	Interface resistance	kPa	5
	Normal stiffness	MPa	315
	Shear stiffness	MPa	82
	Tensile strength	MPa	1