Commercial Vehicle Ride Comfort Optimization Based on Intelligent Algorithms and Nonlinear Damping

Table 3

Optimization variables.

Variables	kfs (N/m)	krs (N/m)	cf1	cf2	cf3	cr1	cr2	cr3
Original	410000	1476000	36.54	1.487	0.5996	49.66	1.487	0.5996
CS	369000	1330000	40.18	1.635	0.6599	54.63	1.636	0.6600
DIRECT	371000	1345000	40.06	1.631	0.6578	52.97	1.608	0.6578
GA	381000	1340000	40.19	1.636	0.6600	54.62	1.636	0.6600
PSO	369000	1328000	40.19	1.636	0.6600	54.63	1.636	0.6600