Experimental Evaluation of the Seismic Response of Skewed Bridges with Emphasis on Poundings between Girder and Abutments

Table 4

Effects of skew angle and pounding on the maximum opening relative displacement of the girder.

Case	Longitudinal displacement (mm)
	Pounding	GM							Average
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Straight	Without	5.24	3.98	3.46	3.59	4.82	4.66	3.4	4.16
	With	1.23	1.04	1.20	1.11	1.06	1.07	1.07	1.11
30°	Without	1.04	0.87	0.84	1.07	1.00	1.04	0.94	0.97
	With	0.78	0.88	0.71	0.84	0.97	0.97	0.72	0.85
45°	Without	2.65	2.04	2.23	2.2	2.32	2.52	2.72	2.38
	With	1.49	1.49	1.23	1.39	1.46	1.65	1.52	1.46