Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Propagation in Dense Linear Multihole Directional Hydraulic Fracturing

<div>Crack propagation of directional hydraulic fracturing controlled by dense linear multihole drilling with various parameter values. (a) Angle <i>θ</i> between borehole direction and <i>σ</i><sub>1</sub>. (b) Borehole spacing <i>D</i>. (c) Difference in principal stress Δ<i>σ</i>.</div>

Shock and Vibration

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Propagation in Dense Linear Multihole Directional Hydraulic Fracturing 