Seismic Fragility Analysis of Bridge Group Pile Foundations considering Fluid-Pile-Soil Interaction

Table 3

The DI values corresponding to the four LSs of each component.

Bridge component	Damage state	Slight (DS = 1)	Moderate (DS = 2)	Extensive (DS = 3)	Collapse (DS = 4)
Column, Choi et al. [54]	Physical phenomenon	Cracking and spalling	Moderate cracking and spalling	Degradation without collapse	Failure leading to collapse
	Section, ductility µk	µk > 1	µk > 2	µk > 4	µk > 7