Rapid Assessment and Classification for Seismic Damage of Mountain Tunnel Based on Concentric Circle Method
Table 8
The seismic damage description and assessment parameters of SDL for the left line of Longxi tunnel.
Section
Stake
li (m)
Seismic damage description
Index value
ri
Pi
Li
Ri
Ci
1
LK21 + 420～470
50
Intensive crack of pavement at entry portal; intensive and dense cracks (1 mm < < 10 mm) on secondary lining in different directions; large-scale secondary lining peeling-off, falling and collapse; local leakage of groundwater; construction joints dislocation (h = 10 cm).
4
4
3
0
4
2
LK21 + 470～575
105
Intense upheaval of pavement is as high as about 1.2 meter; intensive and dense cracks (1 mm < < 10 mm) on secondary lining in different directions; large-scale secondary lining peeling-off, falling and collapse; local leakage of groundwater; construction joints dislocation (h = 10 cm) (Figures 10(a), and 10(b)).
Cracks ( = 3 cm) and peeling-off of secondary lining; invert upheaval (h = 80 cm).
0
3
4
0
4
7
LK21 + 755～780
25
Invert upheaval (h = 80 cm).
0
0
4
0
4
8
LK21 + 780～880
100
Dense cracks; several peeling-off and collapse occurred at vault of secondary lining; invert upheaval (h = 80 cm).
0
4
4
0
4
9
LK21 + 880～890
10
Invert upheaval (h = 80 cm).
0
0
4
0
4
10
LK21 + 890～LK22 + 285
395
Secondary lining collapse; intense invert upheaval (h = 80 cm) to triangle in shape.
0
4
4
0
4
11
LK22 + 285～320
35
Invert dislocation (h = 15 cm); longitudinal crack of pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
0
4
0
4
12
LK22 + 320～335
15
Collapse and transverse cracks ( = 1 cm) of secondary lining; invert dislocation (h = 15 cm)
0
4
4
0
4
13
LK22 + 335～385
50
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
14
LK22 + 385～470
85
Local collapse of secondary lining; longitudinal crack (l > 70 m, = 2 cm) of pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
3
3
0
3
15
LK22 + 470～590
120
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
16
LK22 + 590～680
90
Intense invert upheaval (h = 30 cm) to almost triangle in shape; longitudinal crack ( = 1 cm) of pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
0
3
0
3
17
LK22 + 680～754
74
Longitudinal cracks (l > 40 m, 1 cm < < 3 cm) on secondary lining; extensive falling of secondary lining; intense invert upheaval (h = 30 cm) to almost triangle in shape; longitudinal crack ( = 1 cm) of pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
4
3
0
4
18
LK22 + 754～845
91
Invert upheaval (h = 30 cm), intense deformation to almost triangle in shape; longitudinal crack ( = 1 cm) of pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
0
3
0
3
19
LK22 + 845～877
32
Invert upheaval (h = 30 cm), intense deformation to almost triangle in shape; longitudinal crack ( = 1 cm) of pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
0
3
0
3
20
LK22 + 877～902
25
Primary support collapse; steel arch exposed, severe deformation and distortion; invert upheaval (h = 30 cm), intense deformation to almost triangle in shape; longitudinal crack ( = 1 cm) of pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
4
3
0
4
21
LK22 + 902～915
13
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
22
LK22 + 915～LK23 + 010
95
Large-scale collapse of primary support; steel arch exposed, severe deformation and distortion.
0
4
0
0
4
23
LK23 + 176∼330
154
Severe damage of primary support; severe deformation and distortion of steel arch; large-scale falling of spray concrete.
0
4
0
0
4
24
LK23 + 330∼340
10
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
25
LK23 + 340～570
230
Extensive and dense ring cracks (1 mm < < 3 mm); longitudinal cracks on pavement (= 8 mm); several cracks of construction joints.
0
3
1
0
3
26
LK23 + 570～625
55
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
27
LK23 + 625～675
50
Extensive cracks, water leakage and collapse of primary support; severe deformation and distortion of steel arch.
0
3
0
0
3
28
LK23 + 675～680
5
Secondary lining peeling-off occurred at construction joints.
Longitudinal cracks (l > 10 m, = 4 mm) on secondary lining vault; long invert upheaval (l > 12 m).
0
2
3
0
3
37
LK24 + 350～365
15
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
38
LK24 + 365～370
5
Transverse cracks ( = 4 mm) on pavement.
0
0
1
0
1
39
LK24 + 370～390
20
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
40
LK24 + 390～395
5
Cracks ( = 2 mm) on secondary lining; transverse cracks ( = 2 cm) on pavement.
0
2
3
0
3
41
LK24 + 395～405
10
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
42
LK24 + 405～410
5
Transverse cracks ( = 5 cm) of invert.
0
0
4
0
4
43
LK24 + 410～450
40
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
44
LK24 + 450～550
100
Large-scale falling and collapse of secondary lining vault.
0
4
1
0
4
45
LK24 + 550～565
15
Transverse cracks (3 mm < < 4 mm) on secondary lining.
0
3
0
0
3
46
LK24 + 565～690
125
Slight cracks on secondary lining.
0
2
0
0
2
47
LK24 + 690～715
25
Large-scale falling and collapse at secondary lining vault.
0
4
0
0
4
48
LK24 + 715～730
15
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
49
LK24 + 730～735
5
Slight cracks on secondary lining.
0
2
0
0
2
50
LK24 + 735～755
20
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
51
LK24 + 755～760
5
Cracks ( = 6 mm) on secondary lining.
0
3
0
0
3
52
LK24 + 760～790
30
Undamaged; no abnormal phenomenon.
0
0
0
0
0
53
LK24 + 790～806
16
Cracks (4 mm < < 10 mm) on secondary lining; transverse cracks ( = 3 cm) of invert.
0
2
3
0
3
54
LK24 + 806～835
29
Transverse cracks ( = 3 cm) of invert.
0
0
3
0
3
55
LK24 + 835～840
5
Cracks ( = 5 mm) on secondary lining; transverse cracks of invert.
0
3
2
0
3
56
LK24 + 840～868
28
Transverse cracks ( = 2 cm) of invert.
0
0
3
0
3
57
LK24 + 868～870
2
Cracks ( = 10 mm) on secondary lining.
0
3
2
0
3
58
LK24 + 870～890
20
Large-scale collapse of secondary lining; cracks of the pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
4
2
0
4
59
LK24 + 890～965
75
Extensive peeling-off and falling on secondary lining; transverse cracks of invert.
0
3
3
0
3
60
LK24 + 965～LK25 + 010
45
Cracks ( = 10 mm) on secondary lining; cracks of the pavement above central drainage ditch.
0
3
2
0
3
61
LK25 + 010～048
38
Extensive and dense oblique cracks ( up to 30 mm), falls and collapse of lining vault; cracks and dislocation ( up to 4 cm) of invert.
0
4
3
0
4
62
LK25 + 048～078
30
Extensive and dense oblique cracks ( up to 30 mm), falls and collapse of lining vault; cracks and dislocation ( up to 4 cm) of invert; mountain collapse, a large amount of huge stone piled up in front of portal (Figure 10(d)).
4
4
3
0
4
Note: h = height of upheaval or dislocation, l = length of crack or upheaval, and = width of crack or dislocation.
