The Effect of Blast-Hole Arrangement, Delay Time, and Decoupling Charge on Rock Damage and Vibration Attenuation in Multihole Blasting

Table 1

Different conventional blast vibration equations [7].

Name	Equation
United States bureau of mines (USBM) [8]
Langefors–Kihlström [9]
Ambraseys–Hendron [10]
Bureau of indian standards (BIS) [11]

R is the distance—usually radial—from the measurement point to the blast face (m), W is the maximum charge per delay (kg), and the K and α are nondimensional coefficients related to the topographic and geological conditions between the explosion source and the measuring point, respectively.