Investigation of Dynamic Responses and Vibration Serviceability of Temporary Grandstands by a 3 DOF Interaction Model due to Swaying Motion

Table 5

The max VDV corresponding to variate parameters of active crowd.

Parameter		The degree of reduction (%)
		1.5 Hz	1.8 Hz	2.1 Hz	2.4 Hz	2.7 Hz	3.3 Hz	3.3 Hz
α	0.2–2.0	34	64	79	87	89	89	90
ζ2	0.20–0.25	22	19	23	18	16	12	11