Modeling of Preload Bolted Flange Connection Structure for Loosening Analysis and Detection

Table 1

Material properties.

Material properties	Bolt	Cylindrical section
Material	High-strength steel	Aviation aluminum alloy
Elastic modulus	210 GPa	70 GPa
Density	7850 kg/m^3	2700 kg/m^3
Poisson’s ratio	0.3	0.3
Mechanical property class	12.9