Geof Tomlinson

In Memory of Professor Bruno Piombo

An analysis of the handling and stability of two-wheeled vehicles depends on structural flexibility. This paper deals with laboratory experimentation carried out to identify the vehicle's structural modes of vibration. The tests were carried out in stationary conditions considering several combinations of constraints.Although the testing conditions did not correspond completely to actual road conditions, information about the influence of structural modes on weave and wobble modes was obtained. An analysis of the Frequency Response Functions obtained from several kinds of tests made it possible to establish the best testing conditions to obtain the desired information.Experimental results regarding a super-sport motorcycle and a maxi-scooter are presented and discussed in this paper.

V. Cossalter

A. Doria

R. Basso

D. Fabris

Experimental Analysis of Out-of-Plane Structural Vibrations of Two-Wheeled Vehicles

The wave propagation in and the vibration of cylindrical grid structures are analyzed. The grids are composed of a sequence of identical elementary cells repeating along the axial and the circumferential direction to form a two-dimensional periodic structure. Two-dimensional periodic structures are characterized by wave propagation patterns that are strongly frequency dependent and highly directional. Their wave propagation characteristics are determined through the analysis of the dynamic properties of the unit cell. Each cell here is modelled as an assembly of curved beam elements, formulated according to a mixed interpolation method. The combined application of this Finite Element formulation and the theory of two-dimensional periodic structures is used to generate the phase constant surfaces, which define, for the considered cell lay-out, the directions of wave propagation at assigned frequencies. In particular, the directions and frequencies corresponding to wave attenuation are evaluated for cells of different size and geometry, in order to identify topologies with attractive wave attenuation and vibration confinement characteristics. The predictions from the analysis of the phase constant surfaces are verified by estimating the forced harmonic response of complete cylindrical grids, obtained through the assembly of the unit cells. The considered analysis provides invaluable guidelines for the investigation of the dynamic properties and for the design of grid stiffened cylindrical shells with unique vibration confinement characteristics.

Sang Min Jeong

Massimo Ruzzene

Analysis of  Vibration and Wave Propagation in Cylindrical Grid-Like Structures

A theoretical method based on the Transfer Matrix Formulation and Wavelet Transforms is developed in order to effectively investigate the influence of periodicity, variable geometry and material properties on the wave propagation characteristics of axis-symmetric shells. Several experiments have been conducted to verify the numerical predictions and to demonstrate that the Wavelet Transform is a very powerful tool to uniquely identify and compare the energy distribution both in the time and frequency domain.Thin shells are modeled as two-dimensional wave-guides, where the propagation of the longitudinal waves is coupled with the flexural (radial) waves. Variations of the wall thickness, medium radius and element length of the shell can effectively filter out/stop undesirable bands of frequencies from the longitudinal and/or the transverse wave characteristics. The principal parameter that influences the width and location of the stop bands is the ratio between the cross sections at the two ends of the shell element. Sophisticated exponential profiles and simpler linear taper are implemented and compared.Functionally graded materials (FGM) are also investigated as an alternative way to influence the parameters of the stop bands. Combinations of the FGM and geometric taper give the flexibility needed for some very demanding applications. Different types of periodic taper configurations have complementary effects on the wave characteristics. Combinations of these complex geometries (bi-periodic tapered cells) are presented and shown to produce the most effectual energy redistribution.

M. Toso

A. Baz

Wave Propagation in Periodic Shells with Tapered Wall Thickness and Changing Material Properties

This paper assesses classical and advanced theories for free vibrational response of homogeneous and multilayered simply supported plates. Closed form solutions are given for thick and thin geometries. Single layer and multilayered plates made of metallic, composite and piezo-electric materials, are considered. Classical theories based on Kirchhoff and Reissner-Mindlin assumptions are compared with refined theories obtained by enhancing the order of the expansion of the displacement fields in the thickness direction z. The effect of the Zig-Zag form of the displacement distribution in z as well as of the Interlaminar Continuity of transverse shear and normal stresses at the layer interface were evaluated. A number of conclusions have been drawn. These conclusions could be used as desk-bed in order to choose the most valuable theories for a given problem.

Erasmo Carrera

Assessment of Theories for Free Vibration Analysis of Homogeneous and Multilayered Plates

Open-loop control techniques, such as command input preshaping, are quite sensible to modelling errors and noise. In the paper, an analysis and a discussion about the robustness of the technique with respect to the errors than can affect estimation of the values of the system parameters is presented.

Paolo Pennacchi

Robustness of Command Input Preshaping Technique Applied to Residual Vibration Reduction

The dynamic response of a structure can be described by both its translational and rotational receptances. The latter ones are frequently not considered because of the difficulties in applying a pure moment excitation or in measuring rotations. However, in general, this implies a reduction up to 75&#x25; of the complete model. On the other hand, if a modification includes a rotational inertia, the rotational receptances of the unmodified system are needed. In one method, more commonly found in the literature, a so called T-block is attached to the structure. Then, a force, applied to an arm of the T-block, generates a moment together with a force at the connection point. The T-block also allows for angular displacement measurements. Nevertheless, the results are often not quite satisfactory. In this work, an alternative method based upon coupling techniques is developed, in which rotational receptances are estimated without the need of applying a moment excitation. This is accomplished by introducing a rotational inertia modification when rotating the T-block. The force is then applied in its centroid. Several numerical and experimental examples are discussed so that the methodology can be clearly described. The advantages and limitations are identified within the practical application of the method.

D. Montalv&#xe3;o

A.M.R. Ribeiro

N.M.M. Maia

J.M.M. Silva

Estimation of the Rotational Terms of the Dynamic Response Matrix

Active control of vibrations in mechanical systems has recently benefited of the remarkable development of robust control techniques. These control techniques are able to guarantee performances in spite of unavoidable modeling errors. They have been successfully codified and implemented for vibrating structures whose uncertain parameters could be assumed to be time-invariant. Unfortunately a wide class of mechanical systems, such as machine tools with carriage motion realized by a ball-screw, are characterized by time varying modal parameters. The focus of this paper is on modeling and controlling the vibrations of such systems. A test rig for active vibration control is presented. An analytical model of the test rig is synthesized starting by design data. Through experimental modal analysis, parametric identification and updating procedures, the model has been refined and a control system has been synthesized.

M. Rinchi

E. Gambini

Theoretical and Numerical Experiences on a Test Rig for Active Vibration Control of Mechanical Systems with Moving Constraints

This paper addresses the comparison of dynamic behavior of a wheelset on roller and on rails. The development of equations of kinematics and motion allow to put in evidence the intrinsic differences between the dynamic behavior on rail and on roller. The stylized conical profile approximation of the wheel allows to focus the attention on the differences in creepages definition and in contact point shift due to the roller curvature. The treatise is addressed to a full scale roller and can be extended in the case of scaled roller rig to be applied in the case of the test bench developed for experimental analysis. In the present paper numerical simulation and examples are used to proof the analytical results.

N. Bosso

A. Gugliotta

A. Som&#xe0;

Dynamic Behavior of a Railway Wheelset on a Roller Rig versus Tangent Track

This paper considers an extension of the model updating method that minimizes the antiresonance error, besides the natural frequency error. By defining virtual antiresonances, this extension allows the use of previously identified modal data. Virtual antiresonances can be evaluated from a truncated modal expansion, and do not correspond to any physical system. The method is applied to the Finite Element model updating of the GARTEUR benchmark, used within an European project on updating. Results are compared with those previously obtained by estimating actual antiresonances after computing low and high frequency residuals, and with results obtained by using the correlation (MAC) between identified and analytical mode shapes.

Walter D&#x2019;Ambrogio

Annalisa Fregolent

Dynamic Model Updating Using Virtual Antiresonances

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Shock and Vibration publishes papers on all aspects of shock and vibration, especially in relation to civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering applications, as well as transport, materials and geoscience.&nbsp;

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Chief Editor&nbsp;Dr Tai Thai&nbsp;is based at the University of Melbourne and his current research focuses on high strength materials for sustainable construction of buildings, bridges and other infrastructure.

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