Performance of Clinical Algorithms for Smear-Negative Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Persons in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Table 1
Potential predictors for pulmonary tuberculosis in 390 HIV-infected persons having sputum smears negative for acid fast bacilli.
Characteristics
All patients
PTB
No PTB
Unadjusted OR
Adjusted ORa
(N = 390)
(n = 22)
(n = 368)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
Men
277 (71.0)
20 (90.9)
257 (69.8)
4.32 (0.99, 18.79)
6.82 (0.65, 72.24)
Median age, years (IQR)
30 (27–34)
31 (28–34)
30 (27–34)
0.98 (0.91, 1.06)
0.95 (0.86, 1.04)
Median household, person (IQR)
6 (4–7)
6 (5–8)
6 (4–7)
1.06 (0.94, 1.18)
1.08 (0.95, 1.23)
Incarcerated history
63 (16.2)
6 (27.3)
57 (15.5)
2.05 (0.76, 5.45)
0.91 (0.29, 2.90)
Smoker
308 (79.0)
20 (90.9)
288 (78.3)
2.78 (0.64, 12.14)
0.40 (0.03, 4.67)
Alcoholism
168 (43.1)
9 (40.9)
159 (43.2)
0.91 (0.38, 2.18)
0.78 (0.28, 2.18)
Intravenous drug users
248 (63.6)
17 (77.3)
231 (62.8)
2.02 (0.73, 5.59)
1.24 (0.32, 4.80)
TB treatment history
173 (44.4)
10 (45.5)
163 (44.3)
1.05 (0.44, 2.49)
0.89 (0.27, 2.92)
Receiving ART
225 (57.7)
11 (50.0)
214 (58.2)
0.72 (0.30, 1.70)
0.58 (0.18, 1.83)
Cough
101 (25.9)
6 (27.3)
95 (25.8)
1.08 (0.41, 2.83)
0.59 (0.16, 2.20)
Fever
24 (6.2)
4 (18.9)
20 (5.4)
3.87 (1.20, 12.50)
*
3.33 (0.71, 15.66)
Weight loss
78 (20.0)
6 (27.3)
72 (19.6)
1.54 (0.58, 4.08)
1.61 (0.40, 6.44)
Sweats
11 (2.8)
1 (4.6)
10 (2.7)
1.71 (0.21, 13.95)
0.57 (0.04, 7.62)
Loss of appetite
38 (9.7)
4 (18.2)
34 (9.2)
2.18 (0.70, 6.82)
2.14 (0.47, 9.67)
Chills
34 (8.7)
5 (22.7)
29 (7.9)
3.44 (1.18, 9.99)
*
1.84 (0.41, 8.19)
Fatigue
61 (15.6)
6 (27.3)
55 (14.9)
2.13 (0.80, 5.69)
0.74 (0.18, 3.05)
Positive TST
220 (56.4)
16 (72.7)
204 (55.4)
2.14 (0.82, 5.60)
2.36 (0.76, 7.33)
CD4+ cell/L <200
84 (21.5)
10 (45.5)
74 (20.1)
3.31 (1.38, 7.96)
**
3.35 (1.20, 9.37)
*
TB-CXR
122 (31.3)
14 (63.6)
108 (29.4)
4.21 (1.72, 10.33)
**
4.38 (1.52, 12.61)
**
aAdjusted in the multivariate model. TB-CXR: abnormal radiograph suggestive of tuberculosis. PTB: pulmonary tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. OR: odds ratio. CI: confidence interval. IQR: interquartile range.
*
P value < 0.05.
**
P value < 0.01.
