Source Case Investigation for Children with TB Disease in Pune, India
Table 2
Characteristics of pediatric index cases by HIV status.
Characteristics
Total ()
HIV-positive ()
HIV-negativea ()
HIV status unknown ()
value
Tuberculosis risk factors
Household contact with confirmed TB
15 (30%)
4 (44%)
10 (27%)
1 (20%)
0.42
Household contact with TB symptoms
10 (20%)
3 (33%)
6 (16%)
1 (20%)
0.35
Received IPT in the past
1 (2%)
1 (11%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0.20
Received BCG vaccine
48 (96%)
7 (77%)
36 (100%)
5 (100%)
0.03
Type of cook stove
0.12
Gas
12 (24%)
2 (22%)
6 (16%)
4 (80%)
Kerosene
27 (54%)
3 (33%)
24 (66%)
0 (0%)
Biomass
11 (22%)
4 (44%)
6 (16%)
1 (20%)
Smoker in the home
7 (14%)
0 (0%)
7 (19%)
0 (0%)
0.31
Tuberculosis history
Symptoms present at diagnosisb
46 (92%)
9 (100%)
33 (91%)
4 (80%)
0.37
Positive diagnostic test for TB
50 (100%)
9 (100%)
36 (100%)
5 (100%)
0.83
Mantoux
26 (52%)
4 (44%)
20 (56%)
2 (40%)
Sputum
4 (8%)
0 (0%)
2 (0.06%)
2 (40%)
Gastric aspirate
1 (2%)
0 (0%)
1 (0.03%)
0 (0%)
Chest X-ray
27 (54%)
6 (67%)
17 (47%)
4 (80%)
Ultrasound
22 (44%)
6 (67%)
15 (42%)
1 (20%)
Type of TB diagnosedc
0.40
Confirmed TB cases
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
Probable TB cases ()
Pulmonary TB
3 (60%)
0 (0%)
2 (67%)
1 (50%)
Extrapulmonary TB
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
More than 1 type of TB
2 (40%)
0 (0%)
1 (33%)
1 (50%)
Possible TB cases ()
Pulmonary TB
16 (35%)
2 (25%)
11 (34%)
3 (60%)
Extrapulmonary TB
17 (37%)
2 (25%)
14 (43%)
1 (20%)
More than 1 type of TB
10 (22%)
3 (37%)
6 (18%)
1 (20%)
Type of TB not recorded
2 (4%)
1 (12%)
1 (3%)
0 (0%)
Treated with Category 1d medications
49 (98%)
9 (100%)
35 (97%)
5 (100%)
0.61
Completed treatment
2 (4%)
0 (0%)
2 (5%)
0 (0%)
0.63
Difficulty in obtaining medications
7 (14%)
1 (11%)
6 (16%)
0 (0%)
0.68
BCG: bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, IPT: isoniazid preventive therapy, TB: tuberculosis.
aSix of the 50 children had unknown HIV status.
bTB symptoms of cough, fever, weight loss, or night sweats.
cTwo of the index cases did not specify what type of TB (1 HIV-positive case and 1 HIV-negative case).
dCategory I is isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for two months followed by isoniazid and rifampin for four months. Category II is isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin for two months followed by isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for one month followed by isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol for five months. Category III is isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for three months followed by isoniazid and rifampin for four months.
