H. W. Hennicke

Structural Clay Products

H. J. Bunge

Ceramic Magnets <i>(Keramische Magnete)</i>

Peter R. Morris

David C. Koskenmaki

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The influence of preferred orientation on
integrated x-ray intensities in powder specimen using
energy-dispersive diffraction method is investigated.
The theory used is based upon examination of the polar
axis density distribution. The measurements were carried
out using the Schulz technique added with defocusing
correction. Experimental results are given for
three aluminium powder specimens.

E. Laine

J. Kivil&#xE4;

I. L&#xE4;hteenm&#xE4;ki

A Study of Preferred Orientation by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction

A new library program which allows the calculation
and storage of the numerical tables necessary
for a three-dimensional texture analysis is proposed.
Its main characteristics are:&#x2013;possibility of selecting the values to be stored according
to the desired microscopic and macroscopic
symmetries as well as to the step of exploration of
the pole figures;&#x2013;possibility of choosing the quantity of information
to be stored for obtaining, in the further three-dimensional
analysis, a good agreement between the
computing time and the memory space; and&#x2013;great precision of the stored values and short time
of calculation due to the use of new and optimized
aigorithms.

F. Wagner

C. Esling

R. Baro

A New Library Program for Texture Calculations

The misorientations existing between subgrains
are of critical importance in understanding the nucleation
and growth of recrystallised grains. In this paper it
is demonstrated that, because of spherical aberration and
focus error in the objective of a conventional 100 kV
electron microscope, the accuracy of beam direction determination
is a function of the size of the area selected,
when this area is small. Various factors are
discussed, and it is shown that for beam direction determination
to within 2&#xB0; accuracy over the whole unit
triangle using a modern 100 kV microscope, that the minimum
area must be greater than 1.5 &#x3BC;m diameter. The implications
of this on previous conventional SAD deformation
texture studies, where the subgrain size is typically &#x223C; 2,500 &#xC5;, are discussed.

B. J. Duggan

I. P. Jones

The Orientation and Position Accuracy of Electron Diffraction

Several niobium plates were cold-rolled
at room temperature to a total reduction of 60&#x25;
maintaining the geometry of the zone of deformation
constant for each plate. Pole figures were obtained
by means of the Schulz x-ray reflection technique
from various depths in the thickness direction for
plates rolled with different &#x2206;, the ratio of the mean
height of the deformation zone to its contact length.
Severe texture gradients were noted and characterized
for <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>&#x0394;</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x003E;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>; a modified texture different from the
normal texture was observed at intermediate through-the-thickness locations. Both lateral widening and
microhardness gradients were also in evidence for
this case. No previously proposed theoretical explanation
could account for these results.

R. A. Vandermeer

J. B. Bernal

Deformation Zone Geometry and Texture Gradients in Cold-Rolled Niobium

The purpose of this note is to make a few observations on several analyses of lattice
rotation by slip and by twinning in deformation.

W. F. Hosford

On Orientation Changes Accompanying Slip and Twinning

Determination of the Orientation Distribution Function From Isolated Axis Density Values

By examining thin sections and by use of
the more strongly absorbed Ti K<sub>&#x3B1;</sub> radiation rather
than Fe K<sub>&#x3B1;</sub> radiation it was found possible to obtain
useful transmission Kossel patterns from iron
that had been deformed 40&#x25; by rolling. Examination
of the as&#x2013;deformed material showed large misorientations
in all the matrix grains (20&#x2013;54&#xB0;) and many
of the grains showed deformation bands where the
orientation changed rapidly (up to 15&#xB0; over distances
of 50 &#x3BC;m). On annealing the material recrystallized
by strain-induced boundary migration
with all the invaded grains being those with (111)
parallel to the rolling plane. Only one example
was found of new grain formation by mutual invasion
across a deformation band, the main nucleation mode
previously observed in aluminum deformed 40&#x25; by
compression. The difference between the two examples
appears to arise from the smaller misorientations
of the deformation bands in rolled iron.

Y. Inokuti

R. D. Doherty

Transmission Kossel Study of the Structure of Cold-Rolled Iron and its Nucleation Behaviour

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Texture, Stress, and Microstructure