Claude Esling

G&#252;nter Gottstein

Richard Penelle

Werner Skrotzki

French-German Texture and Anisotropy Meeting

At the prospect of a lightening of the automobile 
    structures, welded spots have been realized on a stacking of 
    two sheets (a 6008 aluminum alloy on steel) Friction Stir 
   Spot welding (FSSW). Different process parameters have been 
    tested, but only the influence of the dwell time will be 
    described in the present paper. The dwell time corresponds to 
    the time during which the probe stays in rotation at its 
    bottom location before extracting. A study of the 
    microstructures and textures associated to mechanical tests 
    (tensile shear tests) allowed determining the best set of 
    welding parameters. The recrystallized area around the welding 
    spot has been characterized by electron back-scattered 
    diffraction (EBSD). A mechanism of continuous dynamic 
    recrystallization has been identified since the misorientation 
    of subboundaries increases close to the weld,  and this is for all 
    the dwell times tested. Elsewhere, the increase of the dwell 
    time induced a larger recrystallized zone. It has also been 
    found that a long dwell time induced a larger welded area but 
    also a higher quantity of intermetallic compounds (especially 
    FeAl, <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Fe</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Al</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and <mml:math id="E2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>FeAl</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) with high-microhardness values (up to 800&#x2009;Hv). Thus, the dwell time must not exceed a certain value, otherwise it can weaken the weld.

S. Bozzi

A. L. Etter

T. Baudin

A. Robineau

J. C. Goussain

Mechanical Behaviour and Microstructure of Aluminum-Steel Sheets Joined by FSSW

Methods of modern quantitative texture analysis are applied in order to characterize the crystallographic texture of various non-oriented electrical steel grades in view of their relation with the magnetic properties of the steel sheet. A texture parameter is defined which quantifies the density of  <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#8249;</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#8250;</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> easy magnetic directions in the sheet planes. An extensive correlation study revealed the relation of this parameter with the hysteresis losses, determined at an induction of 1.5&#x2009;T, and with the induction measured at an applied external field of 25&#x2009;A/cm. It is shown that the latter magnetic property is the more texture dependent, whereas the former one is more sensitive to the grain size of the steel. Also various strategies for texture control are critically reviewed. It is shown that the conventional manufacturing process only provides poor tools for optimizing the texture of the final product. In order to obtain a quantum-leap improvement of the magnetic quality of the texture, in combination with other important microstructural features, nonstandard processing strategies are required, such as cross-rolling, two-stage cold rolling, or surface annealing.

Leo Kestens

Sigrid Jacobs

Texture Control During the Manufacturing of Nonoriented Electrical Steels

A 12&#x2009;T magnetic field has been applied to the annealing process of a 0.81&#x25;C-Fe (wt.&#x25;). It is found that the magnetic field shifts the eutectoid carbon content from 0.77&#x2009;wt.&#x25; to 0.83&#x2009;wt.&#x25;. The statistical thermodynamic calculations were performed to calculate the eutectoid temperature change by the magnetic field. Calculation shows that the increase of the eutectoid temperature by a 12&#x2009;T field is <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>29</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>&#x2218;</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>. Synchrotron radiation measurements were performed to measure the pole figures of the samples and were analyzed by <i>MAUD</i> to determine the bulk texture of the ferrite phase In the field-treated and non field-treated samples. Results show that although there is no specific preferred orientation appearing by applying the magnetic field, slight enhancement of &#40;001&#41; fiber component occurs in both the sample normal direction (ND) and the transverse direction (TD). This effect might be related to the magnetic dipolar interaction between Fe atoms in the transverse field direction.

Y.D. Zhang

C. Esling

M. Calcagnotto

M.L. Gong

H. Klein

X. Zhao

L. Zuo

Effect of a High Magnetic Field on Eutectoid Point Shift and Texture Evolution in 0.81C-Fe Steel

A newly developed laser powered heating stage for commercial SEMs in combination with automated established electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data acquisition is presented. This novel experimental setup can be used to achieve more information about microstructure and orientation changes during grain growth, recrystallization, recovery, and phase transformations. First results on the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>&#x03B1;</mml:mi><mml:mtext>&#x2212;</mml:mtext><mml:mi>&#x03B3;</mml:mi><mml:mtext>&#x2212;</mml:mtext><mml:mi>&#x03B1;</mml:mi></mml:math> 
                  phase transformation in steel within <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>886</mml:mtext><mml:mo>&#x2218;</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>C&#8211;<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>900</mml:mtext><mml:mo>&#x2218;</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>C are presented.

I. Lischewski

D. M. Kirch

A. Ziemons

G. Gottstein

Investigation of the <svg style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" height="12.175" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 40.049999 12.175" width="40.049999" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path id="x1D6FC" d="M545 106q-67 -118 -134 -118q-24 0 -40 37.5t-30 129.5h-2q-47 -72 -103 -119.5t-108 -47.5q-47 0 -76 45.5t-29 119.5q0 113 85 204t174 91q47 0 70 -33.5t43 -119.5h3q32 47 80 140l55 13l10 -9q-47 -80 -138 -201q17 -99 27.5 -136t22.5 -37q23 0 69 61zM333 204&#xA;q-14 98 -31 149.5t-50 51.5q-49 0 -94 -70t-45 -164q0 -55 15.5 -86t40.5 -31q70 0 164 150z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,9.718,7.675)"><path id="x2D" d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.769,7.675)"><path id="x1D6FE" d="M478 372q0 -39 -31 -97t-61 -98t-78 -98q-45 -55 -73 -102q-13 -79 -13 -197q-11 -11 -43.5 -25.5t-53.5 -15.5l-15 17q5 35 26 101.5t47 123.5q8 72 -1.5 174.5t-37.5 178.5q-14 37 -29 37q-20 0 -67 -65l-25 21q37 60 73 90.5t63 30.5q47 0 72 -112q13 -56 17.5 -141.5&#xA;t0.5 -143.5h2q155 193 155 297q0 26 -12 47q-5 8 -5 15q0 16 12.5 27t29.5 11q21 0 34 -21t13 -55z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.286,7.675)"><use xlink:href="#x2D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.337,7.675)"><use xlink:href="#x1D6FC"/></g></svg> Phase Transformation in Steel: High-Temperature In Situ EBSD Measurements

The texture of ultrafine-grained Al alloy AA6016 produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) has been measured by neutron diffraction. The starting texture consists of a strong cube component. During ARB, this texture breaks down and a texture typical for rolling of face-centered cubic metals with high stacking fault energy develops. The texture after 8 ARB cycles is characterised by the  <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>&#x03B2;</mml:mi></mml:math>-fiber with the Cu component dominating. Moreover, the rotated cube component is formed. This component is typical for simple shear, which takes place during rolling on the surfaces of the sheets. Based on the Taylor factor and calculated Lankford parameter, the mechanical anisotropy of the advanced metal sheets is discussed.

Ingwar H&#xFC;nsche

Juliane H&#xFC;ttenrauch

C.-G. Oertel

Heinz-G&#xFC;nter Brokmeier

Heinz Werner H&#xF6;ppel

Irena Topic

Texture and Mechanical Anisotropy of Ultrafine-Grained Aluminum Alloy AA6016 Produced by Accumulative  Roll Bonding

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Texture, Stress, and Microstructure