An outline of a system to be used for on-line determination of texture is presented in this paper;
information is given as to the detection geometry and equipment as well as the method whereby the
orientation distribution function (ODF) will be calculated. Based on coefficients claculated in a
simulation of the on-line system, a number of correlations, including relative permeability, hysteresis
losses, magnetic torque and others, are carried out.

P. Blandford

J. A. Szpunar

On-line Texture Measurements for the Prediction of the Anisotropy of Magnetic Properties

Magnetic properties of hard and soft magnetic materials are strongly anisotropic, i.e. they depend on
the crystal direction in which they are being considered. Technological materials are usually
polycrystalline. Hence, their properties are orientation mean values of the properties of the
crystallites with the texture of the material as the weight function. Inspection and control of magnetic
properties of materials thus requires inspection and control of the materials texture which can be
carried out off-line by taking samples from the finished material and investigating them in the
laboratory. If, however, the texture of the material is to be controlled during the production process
then a fast non-destructive on-line texture analyser is required the output signal of which can be used
to control the production process.

H. J. Bunge

H. J. Kopineck

F. Wagner

On-line Texture Analysis for Magnetic Property Control

The magnetic properties of fine particle systems are strongly dependent on two types of texture. The
first is an orientational texture characteristic of the angular dispersion of the easy anisotropy axes and
the second is a spatial texture characteristic of the physical microstructure of the system. The effects of
texture on the properties of both fluid and solid dispersions of fine particles can be very pronounced.
The paper reviews some recent studies illustrating these effects, with particular emphasis on the
behaviour of recording media and magnetic fluids.

R. W. Chantrell

The Magnetic Properties of Textured Fine Particle Systems

The neutron depolarization technique is based on the loss of polarization of a polarized neutron beam
after transmission through ferromagnetic substances. This loss, caused by Larmor precession in
individual domains, determines the mean domain size, the mean square direction cosines of the
domains and the mean magnetization. The method is complementary to the neutron scattering
technique with respect to the size of the inhomogeneities to be determined and the dynamic range
accessible. Only the static applications of the method in studying domain structures are considered.
As examples will be treated metal foils under stress, oriented ferroxdur permanent magnets, soft
ferrites, recording tapes and thin films. In most of these examples magnetic correlations between
neighbouring domains are subject of study.

M. Th. Rekveldt

Neutron Depolarization in Submicron Ferromagnetic Materials

The anisotropy of magnetic properties in non-oriented electrical steel sheets can be evaluated by
measuring Epstein specimens in the radial directions. The magnetic properties measured on ring cores
are practically equal to the approximate values of magnetic properties determined by Epstein
specimens in the radial directions. Non-oriented electrical steel sheets with anisotropy are not
desirable for motors but are suitable for transformers and fluorescent lamp ballasts. The core loss and
magnetic induction as measured with ring specimens are better with non-oriented electrical steel
sheets with anisotropy than with non-oriented electrical steel sheets with random crystallographic
orientation. This phenomenon depends on the texture change of the product.

M. Shiozaki

Y. Kurosaki

Anisotropy of Magnetic Properties in Non-oriented Electrical Steel Sheets

Thin coherent metal films of Co&#x2013;Cr alloys on Si or glass substrates were used for high density
magnetic storage media. They were made by sputtering or evaporation. Variation of the deposition
parameters will change the micro structure especially the texture of the thin magnetic layers. We
could relate the crystallographic data (rocking curves and pole figures) with the magnetic data
(hysteresis loops). Correlations between deposition parameters and crystallographic and magnetic
investigations will be discussed in detail.

E. H&#xE4;dicke

A. Werner

H. Hibst

Correlation of Texture With Magnetic Properties of Thin Film Storage Media

High performance Fe&#x2013;Nd&#x2013;B magnets were prepared by consolidation of rapidly solidified melt spun powder using a hot extrusion technique. The extrusion was carried out with various die openings to
control the distribution of stresses and strains influencing the possible development of texture. A
strong anisotropy in magnetic properties has been found in the extruded magnets. The highest
remanence of 10.6 kG and the maximum energy product of 16.6 MGOe were achieved along the
through-thickness direction of the magnet extruded into a rectangular cross section. A (001) [<mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00AF;</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>20</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>]
texture was found to develop in the plane normal to the through-thickness direction. It is suggested
that the enhanced remanent magnetization arises principally from the formation of favorable texture.

C. J. Yang

Texture Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in Fe&#x2013;Nd&#x2013;B Magnets Prepared via Rapid Solidification and Hot Extrusion Techniques

A short survey is presented of techniques and methods used to correlate the texture with the magnetic
anisotropy of various properties of soft and hard magnetic materials. Also, examples of magnetic
materials are discussed with emphasis on techniques of processing which optimize the texture.

Anisotropy of Magnetic Properties in Textured Materials

The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials are closely related to the crystallographic texture,
i.e. the orientation distribution of the crystallites, they are, however, not uniquely determined by the
texture. Higher order &#x201C;textural quantities&#x201D; such as, for instance, orientation correlation functions are
additionally needed for a more complete description.The properties in saturation are uniquely determined by the texture. They can be expressed by a
fourth&#x2014;or sixth&#x2014;order approximation of the texture function which can be obtained by &#x201C;low
resolution&#x201D; texture measurements.On the other hand, magnetic anisotropy measurements can only provide a low-resolution
approximation to the texture function and not the complete function.The distribution of magnetization directions can be described by a &#x201C;magnetic texture&#x201D; which can be calculated from pole figures measured by neutron diffraction using the method of superposed pole
figures.

Texture and Magnetic Properties

The purpose of the present study was to precise mechanisms at the origin of the exaggerated Goss
grain growth of Fe&#x2013;3&#x25; Si sheets, grade Hi&#x2013;B. It has been pointed out that at the primary
recrystallized state, the Goss grains which belong to the small grain class are present through the
whole sheet thickness. In presence of AlN and MnS inhibitors, their growth during the anisothermal
secondary recrystallization annealing is due to the high mobility of the special C.S.L. boundaries;
their subsequent expanse at the fifth of the sheet thickness is favoured by purification of the sheet.
Indeed, after dissociation of AlN and MnS precipitates at high temperature, a concentration gradient
in sulfur and in nitrogen due to the reducing hydrogen atmosphere has been observed in subsurface
thanks to SIMS experiments, such as general and C.S.L. boundaries can easily move whereas those at
the center of the sheet are more dragged.

N. Rouag

R. Penelle

Influence of Grain Boundary Characteristics and of Chemical Parameters on Abnormal Grain Growth in Fe&#x2013;3&#x25; Si Sheets

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